日期：2017-12-30 作者：秋的懵懂
# coding = utf-8
# ***********************************************************
# @file python_08_function.py
# @brief 函数
# @author 魏文应
# @date 2017-12-27
# ***********************************************************
# ---------------------------------------------------------
# 定义函数
print('\n\n')
print('_______________________________________________')
print("定义函数：")
# 定义函数
def greet_user():
"""显示问候语"""
print('hello!')
# 使用函数
greet_user()
print('_______________________________________________')
# ---------------------------------------------------------
# ---------------------------------------------------------
# 给函数传一个参数
print('\n\n')
print('_______________________________________________')
print("给函数传一个参数：")
# 定义函数，定义时称为形参
def greet_user(username):
"""显示问候语"""
print('hello! ' + username.title() + '.')
# 使用函数，使用时称为实参
greet_user('魏文应')
print('_______________________________________________')
# ---------------------------------------------------------
# ---------------------------------------------------------
# 实参
print('\n\n')
print('_______________________________________________')
print("实参：")
def describe_pet(animal_type, pet_name):
"""显示动物信息"""
print('My ' + animal_type + "'s name is " + pet_name + '.')
# 根据位置，把实参关联到形参上
describe_pet('hamster', 'harry')
# 关键字实参
describe_pet(animal_type='hamster', pet_name='harry')
# 指定默认值，如果前面参数没有默认值，
# 有默认值的参数需要放在后面
def describe_pet(pet_name, animal_type = 'dog'):
"""显示动物信息"""
print('My ' + animal_type + "'s name is " + pet_name + '.')
describe_pet(pet_name='Willie')
describe_pet('Willie')
print('_______________________________________________')
# ---------------------------------------------------------
# ---------------------------------------------------------
# 函数返回值
print('\n\n')
print('_______________________________________________')
print("函数返回值：")
def get_formatted_name(fisrt_name, last_name):
"""返回完整的名字"""
full_name = fisrt_name + ' ' + last_name
return full_name.title()
musician = get_formatted_name('jimi', 'handrix')
print(musician)
# 让实参变成可选的
def get_formatted_name(fisrt_name, last_name,
middle_name = ''):
"""返回完整的名字"""
if middle_name:
full_name = fisrt_name + ' ' + middle_name + \
' ' + last_name
else:
full_name = fisrt_name + ' ' + last_name
return full_name.title()
musician = get_formatted_name('jimi', 'handrix')
print(musician)
musician = get_formatted_name('jimi', 'handrix', 'lee')
print(musician)
print('_______________________________________________')
# ---------------------------------------------------------
# ---------------------------------------------------------
# 返回值为字典类型
print('\n\n')
print('_______________________________________________')
print("返回值为字典类型：")
def build_person(first_name, last_name, age=''):
"""返回一字典，包含人的信息"""
person = {'first': first_name, 'last': last_name}
# 可参数age
if age:
person['age'] = age
return person
musician = build_person('jimi', 'handrix')
print(musician)
musician = build_person('jimi', 'handrix', 27)
print(musician)
print('_______________________________________________')
# ---------------------------------------------------------
# ---------------------------------------------------------
# 函数参数为列表
print('\n\n')
print('_______________________________________________')
print("函数参数为列表：")
def print_models(unprinted_designs, complete_models):
"""打印信息"""
while unprinted_designs:
current_design = unprinted_designs.pop()
print('Printing model:' + current_design)
complete_models.append(current_design)
def show_complete_models(complete_models):
"""打印信息"""
print('\nThe following models have been printed:')
for complete_model in complete_models:
print(complete_model)
unprinted_designs = ['iphone case', 'robot pendant', 'dodecahedron']
completed_models = []
# 这里unprinted_designs传了列表副本，列表不会被修改
print_models(unprinted_designs[:], completed_models)
show_complete_models(completed_models)
show_complete_models(unprinted_designs)
# 直接传列表参数名，列表会被修改
print_models(unprinted_designs, completed_models)
show_complete_models(completed_models)
show_complete_models(unprinted_designs)
print('_______________________________________________')
# ---------------------------------------------------------
# ---------------------------------------------------------
# 传递任意数量参数
print('\n\n')
print('_______________________________________________')
print("传递任意数量参数：")
# *toppings是一个空元组
def make_pizza(*toppings):
print(toppings)
make_pizza('pepperoni')
make_pizza('mushrooms', 'green peppers', 'extra cheese')
print('_______________________________________________')
# ---------------------------------------------------------
# ---------------------------------------------------------
# 传递任意数量参数（字典）
print('\n\n')
print('_______________________________________________')
print("传递任意数量参数（字典）：")
# **user_info 创建一个空字典
def build_profile(first, last, **user_info):
"""创建一个字典，保存任意信息"""
profile = {}
profile['first_name'] = first
profile['last_name'] = last
for key, value in user_info.items():
profile[key] = value
return profile
user_profile = build_profile('albert', 'einstein',
location='princeton',
field='physics')
print(user_profile)
print('_______________________________________________')
# ---------------------------------------------------------
# ---------------------------------------------------------
# 将函数存储在模块中
print('\n\n')
print('_______________________________________________')
print("将函数存储在模块中：")
# import导入的文件不能是以数字开头命名的
# 如果文件名过长，可用pizza 替代
# python_08_function_pizza，如下
# 指定别名
import python_08_function_pizza as pizza
pizza.make_pizza(12, 'pepperoni')
pizza.make_pizza(16, 'mushrooms',
'green peppers',
'extra cheese')
# 只导入其中一个函数
# from module_name import function_0, function_1, function_2
# * 号可以导入所有函数
# from python_08_function_pizza import *
from python_08_function_pizza import make_pizza
make_pizza(13, 'pepperoni')
print('_______________________________________________')
# ---------------------------------------------------------
子模块：
# coding = utf-8
# ***********************************************************
# @file python_08_function_pizza.py
# @brief 函数模块
# @author 魏文应
# @date 2017-12-28
# ***********************************************************
def make_pizza(size, *toppings):
"""概述要制作的蛋糕"""
print('\nMake a ' + str(size) +
'-inch pizza with the following toppings:')
for topping in toppings:
print('-' + topping)
