Time Value: Required interest rate on a security (Supply and demand of funds), EAR, Annuities, NPV and IRR, HPR
Discount rate: discount payments to be made in the future
Opportunity cost: a form of interest rate
Nominal risk-free rate = real risk - free rate + expected inflation rate
PV=FV/(1+I/Y)^N
Perpetuity: 没有到期日，不存在终值
HPR: percentage change in the value of an investment over th period it is hold
Statistical
Inferential statistics: sample, population, statistic, parameter
Mode, Median and mean
Absolute dispersion:
Range = maximum value - minimum value
Probability
P(AB) = P(A/B) X P(B)
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(AB)
独立事件 ： P(B/A) = P(B)
Probability function: p(x) = P(X=x) 离散型
f(x) - P(x1<=X<=x2) 连续型
F(X) = P(X<=x) 累计分布函数
Hypothesis Testing
