Why are space shuttles covered with golden-colored sheets? What material is used?
宇宙飞船上那层金色的物质是什么？
Space Shuttles were not covered with golden-colored sheets. I must assume you are using the term space shuttle when, what you mean to refer to, are spacecraft like the Apollo Lunar Module or the HTV cargo vehicle.
宇宙飞船外面那层并不是金色的薄片。我必须假设你所说的宇宙飞船是指类似于阿波罗登陆仓或者是 ＨＴＶ货仓那种。
The gold blankets are thermal blankets. A thermal blanket can have up to 25 layers. The outer, and thus visible, layer is kapton tape with a very thin layer of gold leaf or some other non-reactive metal applied to it. The various layers are composed of material such as kapton, mylar, aluminum, nickel foil, glass wool, titanium, and gold.
金色的铺盖层是隔热层。隔热层的厚度最多可以达到２５层。外面可以看到的那层是涂抹了金或者是其他不活泼金属的聚酰亚胺胶带。隔热层的不同部分由聚酰亚胺、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、铝、镍箔、玻璃棉、钛以及金等组成。
Such blankets can both reflect external heat (from the Sun) and trap internal heat inside the object to prevent freezing.
这样的隔热层在反射热量（来自太阳）的同时可以保持内部的热量不降低。
