按学科分类


自然	自然
brook	忍受，容许：tolerate; 小溪流：creek
creek	小溪，小河：smaller
crest	顶部，浪尖，山顶
gorge	峡谷：canyon；狼吞虎咽：eat greedily
insular	（观念、想法等）孤立狭隘的：narrow provincial viewpoint
marsh	沼泽，湿地：wet
mire	困境：difficult situation；使陷入困境，拖后腿：hold back
precipice	悬崖峭壁：steep
rivulet	小河，小溪：small stream
shoal	浅的：little depth
strait	海峡：channel joining water；痛苦：suffering
cascade	（尤指小的）瀑布：small fall
气象	气象
blast	爆炸：explosion; 一阵猛烈的强风：gust; 巨响：loud, sound; 炸裂，爆破：cause to break open;斥责，抨击：criticize harshly
bluster	狂妄自大地大声说：loudly arrogant; 大声吹嘘，恐吓：loudly; 喧闹的状态：noisy
cloudburst	突然的一场暴雨：sudden copious rainfall
deluge	大暴雨：drenching rain；大量：great flow
desiccate	使（食物）脱水以保存，使干燥：drying；使缺乏活力：deprive vitality
downpour	倾盆大雨：heavy rain
drizzle	（下）细小、轻柔、似雾的雨，毛毛雨：misty rain
frigid	严寒的：cold；冷漠的：lacking warmth
gust	情感爆发：sudden intense expression
hurricane	飓风：a violent rotating storm；飓风般的事物，引起动荡的事物：resembling a hurricane
inclement	（天气等）恶劣的：lacking mildness；无情的，残酷的：unmerciful
precipitation	沉积物，尤指降水：deposit, rain, snow；仓促：disorderly speed
sweltering	酷热的：hot
torrid	酷热的：intensely hot；热情的，情感深厚的：great depth of feeling
arid	干燥的：little or no precipitation；无趣的，无聊的：lack of interest
glacial	极冷的：extremely cold；冷漠的，无感情的：devoid of warmth
地理	地理
abut	邻接，毗邻：adjacent
chasm	分歧，（意见、利益或忠诚上）明显差异：pronounced difference
contiguous	接壤的，相邻的：sharing an edge
doldrums	低迷，中断：inactivity；情绪不佳：low spirits
latitude	（行动或言论）自由：freedom
地质	地质
grit	（面对困难时所表现出来的）毅力：endure pain or hardship
天文	天文
aloft	在空中：in flight
ethereal	轻巧精致的：lightness, highly refined, delicate；天国的：heaven；非物质的，精神（上）的：spiritual, not composed of matter
meteoric	流星般迅速而短暂的：brevity
物理	物理
aggrandize	增加、提高（力量、财富、地位、声誉）等：enhance
brake	刹车：less rapid
buoyant	有浮力的：floating; 心情好的：good mood or disposition
diffuse	啰嗦的：verbose；不集中的，扩散的：not concentrated；扩展，散开：extend, scatter
elastic	有弹性的：resuming shape；能（迅速从伤痛中）恢复的：recovering from depression
fathom	测量（深度）：measure the depth；彻底理解，弄懂：come to understand
friction	摩擦：rubbing；冲突，不和：clashing；
galvanize	（好似用电击）刺激：stimulate excite
reflect	反射：change direction；反映，显露：make manifest；思考：think seriously
resilience	弹力：resume original shape；恢复能力：ability to recover quickly
spectrum	spectrum
strength	力量：ability to exert effort；（抵抗攻击、压力的）强度：ability to withstand force
化学	化学
bromide	陈词滥调：hackneyed
caustic	腐蚀性的：destroying, eating away; 挖苦讽刺的，刻薄的：incisive sarcasm
cement	粘合，粘合剂：uniting, binding
clot	密集的一群：a number of things, a unit; 堵塞：prevent, through, filling with something; 凝结：jelly
coagulate	（使）凝结，（使）变稠：coherent, clot
combustible	可燃的：igniting; 容易激动的：easily excited
compound	混合物：something composed；混合的：consisting；混合：together；扩大，增多：greater；和解：agree
concentrate	集中：focus；浓缩：less dilute；聚集：together
congeal	凝固，固化：solid state
corrosive	腐蚀性的：destroy slowly；讽刺性的：sarcastic；
dehydrate	去除水分，使干燥：remove water；使失去活力：deprive of vitality
deleterious	有害的：harmful
dilute	稀释／经稀释的：concentrated/low strength, concentration；削弱：diminish strength, flavor, brilliance
dissolve	溶解融化：solution；解散：break into parts, disintegrate；驱散；（使）消失：cease visible；废除，撤销：end
emollient	起缓和作用的：less intense
filter	过滤：pass through a filter；去除杂质：remove impurities
gasification	气化：gas；
leaven	在…中加入轻松、活泼或变更的因素：mingle permeate
noxious	有害的，有毒的：harmful, injurious to health；产生强烈厌恶的：causing intense displeasure
ossify	（使）硬化，（使）僵化：hardened, conventional, opposed to change
pigment	颜料：color；给…上颜色：color
preservative	防腐剂：protect against decay
solvent	有偿付能力的：able to pay debts；溶剂：another substance is dissolved
vaporize	使（液体）蒸发：convert by heat；彻底消灭：destroy
concrete	实体的，实在的：matter；事实性的，明确的：in fact
动物学	动物学
badger	不断纠缠或骚扰：harass, persistently
carp	对小事吹毛求疵，挑剔，表现不满：peevish criticism, objections, express dissatisfaction, tiresomely
chameleon	变色龙，善变的人：changes or adopts opinions
coop	监禁，困于…之中：confine
dormant	静止的，不活跃的：inactivity；（动物）冬眠的：suspended
fawn	阿谀奉承：seek favor by flattery
fledgling	新生：starting out in a field
flock	人群，兽群：creatures massed together；聚集，集体行动：travel in a flock
flounder	笨拙地行动，挣扎：act clumsily
gadfly	刺激物：provocative stimulus；令人反感的人：annoys
gull	海鸥，骗子
hive	忙碌之地：activity；储备，积累：store up
incubate	孵化
mangy	卑劣的：contemptible
mite	微小的东西，很少的钱：small object
molt	脱（羽、皮等）：shed feathers
mongrel	杂种的，混血儿的：mixed origin
pen	监狱：confinement；关押，监禁：close
quarry	采石场：stone is obtained；目标，猎物：pursuit
植物学	植物学
chaff	谷壳；开玩笑：make jokes
husk	（果类或谷物的）外壳：outer covering；剥去：remove
pine	渴望，奢望：yearn；因渴望而憔悴：lose vigor
sap	削弱：weaken energy vitality；健康，活力：active strength
scion	子孙：descendant
twig	嫩芽
农业	农业
barren	不育的：incapable, producing; 不产生结果的，无效的：no results; 贫瘠的：deficient; 极度匮乏的：lacking
blight	（使）枯萎：affect; 损害：impair
cultivate	提升，加强：improve；种植，培养：promote growth
fallow	休耕的：untilled；闲置的：not being in a state of use
fecund	多产，肥沃的：fruitful
fertilize	使肥沃，使多产：make fertile
flag	旗帜，象征：symbol；变得衰弱：become feeble
irrigate	灌溉：supply water；冲洗：flush
prairie	大草原：treeless grassland
reap	收割，收获：receive
sere	干枯的，凋萎的：dried, withered
sterile	贫瘠的：not productive；无菌的：free from bacteria
wither	枯萎，凋谢：become sapless
wizen	（使）凋谢，（使）枯萎：become wrinkled；凋谢的，枯萎的：dried up
atrophy	萎缩，衰退：waste away
forage	寻找：search
graft	移植，移接：implant surgically
wilt	（花、植物等）萎焉：limp or flaccid；精神萎靡，憔悴：fatigue or exhaustion
医学	医学
anemic	贫血的；无活力的
anesthetic	麻醉的；无知觉的
apoplectic	中风的；易怒的
aseptic	无菌的；防感染的；冷漠的
balm	香油，止痛膏，安慰物：sweet-smelling oil, soothe; 香气：pleasant smell
collapse	突然倒塌或收缩：fall, shrink; 完全耗尽体力：depletion, energy, strength; 失败：unsuccessful
coma	昏迷，深度无知觉：profound unconsciousness; 迟钝，冷漠：sluggishness
contagious	传染的：communicate；（情绪等）唤起共鸣的：exciting a similar feeling
convalesce	渐渐康复，渐愈：recover gradually
dissect	仔细分析：examine, analyze minute；切成片（尤其是为了解剖研究）：cut apart separate
dyspeptic	脾气坏的：bad-tempered；消化不良的：dyspepsia
fester	感染，溃烂，腐烂：corrupt
fracture	破裂：breaking；打碎，破坏：separate into pieces
hamstring	使无效，使无力：ineffective
hypnotic	催眠的：cause sleep
immune	不易被感染的，有免疫力的：having resistance to infection；不受影响的：not affected by influence；不受约束的，免除的：not subject to an obligation
mania	热衷，狂热：intense enthusiasm
measly	少得可怜的，微不足道的：small ；患麻疹的
morbid	疾病的，疾病所致的：by disease；（思想性格）变态的：unwholesome thoughts
myopic	缺乏远见的，缺乏辨别能力的：lack of foresight ；近视的
nurture	提供营养：nourishment；培育，培养：provide with understanding
pallid	无生气的，缺乏活力的：lacking radiance vitality；苍白无血色的：pale
paranoid	多疑的，对他人极端恐惧和怀疑的：extreme fear of distrust
pathological	不正常的，病态的：markedly abnormal
placebo	安慰性的事物：used to appease or reassure
prescription	规定，传统的规矩：rule
psychology	心理学：science mental process and behavior；心理战术：subtle tactical action influence
quarantine	隔离：isolation
rabid	狂热的，不冷静的：fanatical
recuperate	恢复（健康或力量），康复：recover health
relapse	故态复萌，再犯：fall back
salubrious	有益健康的：promoting health
salutary	有益健康的：promoting health；有利的，利好的：promoting well-being
salve	减轻：缓解：assuage
septic	腐败的，感染的：putrefaction
soporific	催眠的药剂，安眠药：induces sleep；催眠的：cause sleep；慵懒的，困倦的：sleepiness or lethargy
stammer	口吃，结巴：speak with pauses
suffocate	使窒息：deprive of oxygen
therapeutic	治疗的，有疗效的：treatment disease
wan	苍白的，病态的：poor health
wanderlust	旅游癖：impulse to travel
wholesome	有益身心健康的：promoting health
palpitation	（有节奏的）舒张收缩：expanding and contracting
生物学	生物学
animate	animate
disinfect	消毒，使无菌：free from infection
excrete	排泄：discharge
insentient	无感觉的，无知觉的：lacking perception；一知半解的，略懂的：not having a deep understanding
mutate	（使）改变，（使）变异：undergo mutation
propagate	繁殖：increase；传播，宣传：spread out
recessive	（基因等）隐性的，由隐性基因控制的：does not produce a characteristic effect when present with a dominant allele；内向的，内敛的：not comfortable around people
synergic	合作的：cooperating
数学	数学
calibrate	调整，使标准化：standardize; （根据标准）精确测量：measure precisely
census	人口普查：survey, population
elliptical	含糊不清的：obscurity；椭圆的：ellipse
exponent	倡导者，支持者：advocates；实践者，典型代表：full realization
irreducible	（数）不可约分的：incapable factored
calibrate	调整，使标准化：standardize; （根据标准）精确测量：measure precisely
语言学	语言学
argot	argot
articulate	发音清晰的；善于表达的；有关节的
circumlocution	绕圈子说话：unnecessarily, indirect, evasion; 冗长：too many
drawl	慢吞吞地说：speak slowly
enunciate	清晰地说：articulate；公开宣布，宣称：openly or publicity
equivocate	（带有欺骗目的地）模棱两可地说，说谎话：equivocal
euphemism	婉言，委婉的说法：inoffensive expression
harangue	（发表）长篇大论：long pompous
incantation	咒语
jargon	行业术语：specialized or technical language
oration	（颇有野心、自高自大的）演说：high-flown or pompous manner
oxymoron	矛盾修饰法：combination contradictory
parenthesis	parenthesis
pun	双关语：humorous
terminology	专业术语：special terms or expressions
tirade	长篇抨击性演讲：angry censorious or denunciatory
verbatim	逐字地，一字不差地：exact words
考古学	考古学
antediluvian	antediluvian
coeval	同时代的，同龄的：equal age
descendant	后代：deriving directly from
excavate	挖掘，挖空：dig out
extant	现存的：not destroyed, extinct
runic	神秘的：mysterious
glacial	极冷的：extremely cold；冷漠的，无感情的：devoid of warmth
法律	法律
alibi	不在场的证明，托辞，借口：excuse
appeal	appeal
arrest	arrest
authentic	真实的，非仿造的：exactly; 准确的，相符的：original
conviction	深信，确信：being convinced；证明有罪：proved guilty
court	追求，献殷勤：seek affections
detain	拘留，扣留：hold, keep
exculpate	声明无罪；开脱，使无罪：clear fault guilt
exonerate	免除责备：free from blame
guilt	自责，悔恨：wrongdoing
immure	监禁，禁闭；使闭门不出：confine
inculpate	归罪于：incriminate
indict	起诉，控告：accuse
nefarious	极坏的，邪恶的：wicked
prosecution	实行，执行：doing
reprieve	对...暂缓处刑，免罪：postpone or cancel punishment；维持...的运行：prevent from being closed
felony	重罪：grave crimes
infraction	违背，违反：failure to uphold the requirements
政治	政治
autocracy	独裁政府：government, unlimited power
autonomy	政治上的独立：self-governing; 自我主导的自由，（尤其是）精神独立：independence
despotic	专制的，暴虐的：tyrannical
filibuster	拖延议事：for the purpose of delaying legislative action
hegemony	霸权，统治权：preponderant authority
imperious	爱发号施令的：ordering people；傲慢的，专横呃：arrogantly domineering；迫切的：compelling
interregnum	过渡期：break
reign	统治权：right to command；占统治地位或盛行：be predominant
arbitrary	专横的，独断专行的：force one's will on others；独裁的，拥有无限权力的：without interference by others；缺乏计划的，随意的：lacking a definite plan
宗教	宗教
augur	预言家：predicts; 出现好兆头：signs of, successful outcome; 预言：tell, beforehand
devout	（对于宗教）虔诚的：devoted to religion；忠诚的：allegiance
heresy	异教，和普遍观点相悖的说话：controversial or unorthodox opinion
heretical	异教的，异端邪说的：departure standards
mosque	清真寺：worship Muslim
religion	宗教，信仰：beliefs；（对于宗教信仰的）忠诚，虔诚：loyalty to God
renegade	背教者，叛徒：rejects allegiance
sacrilege	亵渎圣物：profanation sacred
sanctify	使神圣，将...敬为神：make holy
redeem	实践，履行（诺言等）：required；改过自新：make better
sectarianism	宗派主义，顽固：adherence prejudices
艺术	艺术
calligraphy	（优美的）书法：elegant handwriting
cameo	栩栩如生的描绘，简洁生动的描述或刻画：brief, vivid portrayal; 客串：brief but dramatic appearance
carve	雕刻：three-dimensional representation; （通过长期不懈努力）开创，开拓：produce or bring about
charade	装模作样：intended to deceive; 动作字谜：represented in pantomime
chase	镂雕（金属）以装饰：decorate; 驱赶：force out
emboss	以浮雕效果妆点，装饰：ornament with raised work
embroider	（时常伴有夸张和想象内容地）详细说明：give elaborate account
figurine	小雕塑：small statue
mime	模仿：model
montage	蒙太奇；混成画；拼集的照片；剪辑
sartorial	裁缝匠的，裁缝的：clothes
stitch	突然剧痛：sharp unpleasant sensation
travesty	拙劣的，嘲弄性模仿：exaggerated imitation
versatile	多才多艺的，全能的：different things；易改变的：fluctuating readily
conjure	请求，恳求：entreat earnestly；在脑海中浮现，想起：form a mental picture
音乐	音乐
arrhythmic	arrhythmic
ballad	（由简单诗节和叠句组成的）民歌：poem
bravura	优秀演技（的）：brilliant
cacophony	刺耳的声音：inharmonious sound
chord	与···和谐一致，符合：accord, agree
clarion	清楚响亮的：loud, clear
coda	终曲：concluding passage
conservatory	温室：greenhouse；艺术学院：school arts
crescendo	（声音）渐强：gradual increase；（渐强之后到达的）顶峰：peak
croon	低声歌唱或说话：murmuring
dirge	挽歌：solemn, mournful music
elegy	哀歌（诗），挽歌（诗）：expressing sorrow
ensemble	合唱，合奏曲：two or move vocalists
lullaby	催眠曲：song lull sleep；使镇静，使安心：free from distress
medley	大杂烩，混合物：mixture
mellifluous	（曲调）优美的：smooth and sweet
movement	运动：moving
off-key	不寻常的，不合适的：out of accord with
overture	前言：introductory, preclude；序曲：introduction opera
trumpet	大声说出或宣告：make known
文学	文学
anecdote	anecdote
aphorism	aphorism
canon	准则，标准：standard, criterion; 真经，正典：authentic
compose	使镇定：calm; 组成，构成：form, constitute
encomium	赞颂之词：praise
epic	宏大的，超凡脱俗的：surpassing the usual
epigram	机智的短诗，警句：short witty
figurative	比喻的：denoting another
foreword	前言：preface
hymn	赞歌，赞美诗：song of praise；赞美：proclaim the glory
hyperbole	夸张：exaggeration used for emphasis
lampoon	讽刺：harsh satire
lyric	（可以哼唱的）小曲：musical composition；如诗歌般流畅优美的：suggestive of poetry or music
monologue	独白：by one actor
motto	座右铭：guiding principle
paean	欢乐颂：joyous song praise
panegyric	赞颂之词，颂文：eulogistic
parable	寓言：teach a basic truth
parody	（以嘲笑原作作者的）模仿作品：imitated for ridicule；模仿（以嘲弄）：copy to make fun
satire	讽刺诗，讽刺文学：literary ridicule
sonnet	十四行诗：14-line verse form
valediction	告别：bidding farewell；告别词：address farewell
verse	使精通，使熟悉：familiarize；诗歌：rhythm lyrical effect
annotate	给...作注解：commentary or explanatory notes
simile	明喻：comparing two unlike things
军事	军事
aggressive	好斗的：attack; 强有力的，强烈的：forcefulness
beleaguer	包围，围攻：to surround; 使困扰，使烦恼，使消沉：trouble
fortify	加固，鼓励：give physical strength；做好心理准备：prepare mentally
legion	大量的人，（尤指）军团：large body of men；大量的：numerous
truce	休战，休战协定：suspension fighting
belligerence	好斗，好战：aggressive or truculent
人体学	人体学
gall	（使）焦躁，激怒：irritate；深深的敌意：ill will；大胆，无耻：boldness
sinew	活力，力量：vigorous strength
skeleton	骨架，框架：structural framework
stature	高度，身高：height；才干，水平：quality, status
sturdy	强健的，结实的：strengthen
vessel	管：tube body fluid；船，舰艇：watercraft
人类学	人类学
ethos	道德准则：code of good conduct
人物	人物
ascetic	禁欲的；苦行者
aspirant	怀抱大志者；野心家
bellwether	领导者，带头人：lead
bigot	固执己见者，有偏见的人：obstinately devoted
boor	粗鲁的人，不敏感的人：rude
bully	欺凌弱小者：intimidating manner; 最好的，最棒的：best
chameleon	变色龙，善变的人：changes or adopts opinions
champion	支持：support
charlatan	骗子，装懂的人：fraudulent
churl	粗野的人：rude, boorish; 吝啬鬼：mean, stingy
cipher	无影响或无价值的人：no importance, influence; 计算（价值）：determine, mathematical operations; 密码：conceal
connoisseur	鉴赏家（尤指艺术领域）：with discrimination, appreciation；专家：high level of knowledge
convert	被改变宗教信仰的人：converted；使改变信仰：bring over from brief；改变，转化：alter
cosmopolitan	有世界性眼光的，包容的：worldwide
curmudgeon	脾气坏的、爱抱怨的人：irritable and complaining
cynic	愤世嫉俗者：selfishness
dandy	纨绔子弟，爱打扮的人：appearance；最佳的，最好的：very best kind
daredevil	大胆鲁莽的（人）：foolishly；不考虑后果的：a lack of concern for the consequence
demagogue	蛊惑民心的政客：leader false claims
descendant	后代：deriving directly from
diehard	顽固的，保守的／顽固的人，保守的人：determined, devoted/opposes change, refuses new ideas
dilettante	业余爱好者（对艺术或知识领域涉猎浅薄者）／缺乏专业技术的：superficial interest/lacking expert skill
disciple	信徒，追随者：follower
donor	捐赠人，给体：donates
doyen	有经验的人，资深人士：knowledge experience；（加入时间较长的）高级会员：senior member
drudgery	苦工；单调、卑贱或无趣的工作：tedious work
dupe	复制品，复制：exactly like something else；易受骗的人：easily deceived；欺骗：deceive
epicure	美食家：discriminating tastes
exponent	倡导者，支持者：advocates；实践者，典型代表：full realization
faultfinder	吹毛求疵的人：petty criticism
fledgling	新生：starting out in a field
forebear	祖先：an ancestor
fury	暴怒：rage
gladiator	角斗士：engaged fight death；参与打斗或辩论的人：engaging in controversy
gourmand	嗜食者，大胃王：excessively fond of eating
gourmet	美食家：connoisseur food
gull	gull
hack	雇佣文人：writer commercial；乱砍；开辟：irregular blows；成功完成：skillfully or efficiently；忍受：put up with
hybrid	杂交品种，混合品种：mixed origin；杂交的：parents of different races
iconoclast	特立独行的人：not conform accepted standards
illiteracy	文盲：unable to read and write
impostor	冒充者：assumes false identity
intercessor	调停者：mediates
intimate	有紧密联系的，亲密无间的：close association；不为人知的：not known；密友：person who has a strong liking；迂回地交流，间接地沟通：communicate indirectly
libertine	放荡不羁者：without moral restraint
malcontent	不满分子：opposition；不满的：dissatisfied
martinet	纪律严明之人：strict
maven	专家：experienced
maverick	特立独行之人：does not conform；标新立异的，不合常规的：deviating
mentor	mentor
mimic	mimic
miscreant	恶棍，罪犯：behaves criminally
mollycoddle	宠爱，溺爱：excessive indulgence
neophyte	初学者，新手：beginner
nomad	游牧的；居无定所的人：no fixed residence
nonentity	不重要的人：little consequence；虚构的东西：created no objective reality
pariah	被排斥或鄙视的人：despised or rejected
partisan	跟随者，信徒：follows；（狂热。坚定的）拥护者，支持者：excessively devoted；偏袒的：one side
patrician	贵族，名门望族：high birth；贵族的，地位高的：high birth
patriot	爱国者：loves country
pedagogue	教育者，老师：give formal instruction
pedant	书呆子，墨守成规之人：formal rules
pedestrian	行人：traveling on foot；平庸无奇的，令人厌倦的：causing weariness
peer	同等地位的人，同辈：equal；好奇地凝视：look
philistine	市侩（注重物质而鄙视智慧或艺术的人）：guided by materialism
pilot	领航员，飞行员：steer a ship；初步性的，试验性的：tentative model；带领通过：lead
pirate	盗版，盗用：without actual right；海岛：robber seas
poseur	故作姿态的，不真诚的人：affected insincere
potentate	有权势的人：has the power
practitioner	职业人士：profession
predecessor	前任，先辈：previously occupied
prodigal	挥霍的：spendthrift；败家子：spends freely
profligate	挥金如土的，挥霍的：wasteful；败家子：spends money freely；堕落的人：below the normal moral standard
proponent	建议者，支持者：support
prude	过分正经的人：一个过分关心自己是否得体、谦逊、或正确的人：greatly concerned seemly behavior and morally
pundit	权威人士，专家：opinions authoritative
quack	骗子医生，江湖郎中：pretender
rabble	混乱的人群；暴民；下层群众：disorganized crowd of people
rapscallion	流氓，恶棍：evil
recluse	隐士：lives away；隐居的，不爱社交的：withdrawal from society
referee	仲裁者；裁判员：impartially resolves a dispute；（就纠纷或争论）给出意见：give an opinion
renegade	背教者，叛徒：rejects allegiance
retainer	家仆：service
retinue	随行人员：group of retainers
rider	骑马的人：rides；（议案的）附加条款：appended
rookie	新兵；新生；菜鸟：recruit
savant	博学之士，学者：learning
scion	子孙：descendant
sentinel	哨兵，看守：watches over
sequela	结果：secondary result
simpleton	（缺乏常识的）笨蛋：lacking in common sense
skeptic	怀疑者：doubts, questions or disagrees
sluggard	懒人：lazy person
spectator	观众，目击者，旁观者：watches
spendthrift	挥霍家，败家子：spends improvidently；挥霍的，不节俭的：spending money freely
stickler	坚持细节的人，一丝不苟的人：insist on exactness
stoic	隐忍的，冷静的：unaffected by pleasure or pain
subject	臣民，受支配的人：under authority；取决于（其他因素）的：under the influence
sybarite	沉溺于奢侈逸乐者，酒色之徒：devoted luxury
sycophant	马屁精：flatter
tinker	乱修，乱调整：thoughtlessly
toady	马屁精；拍马屁：flatters, gaining favors
truant	逃避责任（的）；逃避责任者：shirking responsibility, shirks duty
turncoat	叛徒：switches, traitor
tyro	新手，业余爱好者：beginner, novice
underdog	受害者，输家： loser/victim
understudy	替补演员：take another's duties
vendor	小贩，商贩：sells
veteran	老兵；有丰富经验的人：knowledge through long experience；经验丰富的，资深的：knowledge, experience
virtuoso	艺术鉴赏家，专家：masterly skill；经验丰富的，技艺精湛的：exceptional knowledge
votary	崇拜者，信徒：fervently devoted
wag	诙谐幽默的人：humorous；摆动：move to and fro or up and down
wastrel	肆意挥霍的人，败家子：expends self-indulgently
windbag	健谈的人：talkative
xenophobe	仇视（或畏惧）外国人（或外国事物）者：fearful of what is foreign
yokel	乡下人，天真纯朴的人：inhabitant of a rural area
bore	令人讨厌的人或事物：causes boredom；使厌倦，使厌烦：make weary
delegate	代理人，代表：representative for another；移交（权力，任务等）：possession or safekeeping of another
escort	护卫队，护送者：accompanying another；同行，护送：go along with
impostor	冒充者：assumes false identity
incumbent	义不容辞的，必须的：obligation duty
menial	仆人，奴仆：servant；卑贱的，低下的：spirit of humility or unseemly submissiveness
novice	新手，初学者：new
observant	警惕的，警觉的：paying close attention；严格遵守（规章、制度或原则）的：observing
plebeian	平民的，社会下层：low social or economic rank
plodder	行走缓慢的人：moves slowly
tycoon	大亨，巨头：person of rank, power, influence
tyrant	暴君：oppressively or brutally