1. 宾语补足语：
(1) 定义：对宾语进行补充说明的部分；
(2)用法：修饰宾语或是对宾语进行补充说明；
(3)条件：单词或是短语均可作宾语补足语。
e.g. ①His father named him Doming.（名词）
②They painted their house white.（形容词）
③He asked me to lend my computer to him.（介词短语）
④We saw her leaving.（动名词）
⑤ I always find him in the classroom.（地点状语）
⑥Let the fresh air in.（介词）
⑦You cannot call it what you will.（从句）
⑧We must get the work finished by 10 o’clock.（过去分词）
2.动词-ing形式作宾语补足语：
(1)结构：doing
(2)动词-ing形式的转变规则：
①一般情况下，直接加-ing;
e.g. go—going
ask —asking
look—looking
carry—carrying
②以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e加-ing;
e.g. write—writing
make—making
take—taking
move—moving
live—living
leave—leaving
③以重读闭音节（一个元音加一个辅音）结尾的动词，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加-ing；
e.g. get—getting
sit—sitting
put—putting
run—running
begin—beginning
plan—planning
cut—cutting
get—getting
beg—begging
④注意（特殊）：
die—dying
lie—lying
tie—tying
picnic—picnicking
panic—panicking
listen—listening
develop—developing
(3)用法：
①动词ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态，doing的逻辑主语为宾语。
e.g. When we returned，we found a stranger standing in front of the house。
I see Tom playing basketball.
We found the novel touching.
②当主句转换为被动结构时，原来作宾语补足语的动词ing形式便转换为主语补足语。
e.g. They found the film very exciting.
＝The film was found very exciting.
(4)能用动词ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词：
①表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词(常见的有see，hear，feel，smell，find，notice，observe，look at，listen to等)＋sb.＋doing sth.(作宾语补足语)；
e.g. I felt somebody standing behind me.
Tom heard his mother speaking English just now.
②表示指使意义的使役动词(常见的有have，let，keep，get，leave等)＋sb./sth.＋doing sth.(作宾语补足语)。
e.g. We kept the fire burning all night long.
I won’t have any of you cheating in the exam.
3.动词不定式、动词ing形式和动词ed形式都可以在句子中作定语或作宾语补足语，使用时，它们的区别如下：
(1)动词不定式(to do)往往表示将来的动作或动作的全过程;
(2)动词-ing形式表示一个正在进行的主动性动作;
(3)动词ed形式往往表示一个被动的或已经完成的动作。
e.g. a bridge to be built(一座将要建的桥)
the falling leaves(正在飘落的树叶)
the fallen leaves(落叶)
We saw him running through the street.
We noticed the assistant take away the chair.
4.专题练习
(1) Last night, there were millions of people _________(watch)the opening ceremony live on TV.
(2) There is a note pinned to the door_________(say) when the shop will open again.
(3) The manager was satisfied to see many new products __________(develop)after great effort.
(4) They use computers to keep the traffic __________(run) smoothly.
(5) ___________ (clean) women in big cities usually get paid by the hour.
(6) When he woke up, he found himself _________ (lie) in hospital.
(7) The man __________ (wear) a sad look said, “I've lost my wallet.”
(8) There was a terrible noise _________ (follow) the sudden burst of light.
(9) In parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet ________ (point) at another person.
(10) Phoebe received an e-mail the other day ________ (say) her uncle was coming to visit her.
(11)The music they are playing sounds so_______ (bore)．
(12) His concern for his mother is _______ (touch).
答案见于公众号初高中英语学习资料
