爬取起点中文网的免费图书

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import requests, os
from multiprocessing import Pool
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup


class QidianSpider:
    # 初始化
    def __init__(self, pages, url, localPath):
        self.pages = pages
        self.url = url
        self.localPath = localPath
        self.headers = {
            'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/14.0.835.163 Safari/535.1',
            'Connection': 'close'
        }

    # 一页一页的下载图书,每页有20本
    def download_book(self):
        self.create_folder()
        for i in range(self.pages):
            param = {
                "orderId": '',
                "vip": 'hidden',
                "style": 1,
                'pageSize': 20,
                "siteid": 1,
                "pubflag": 0,
                "hiddenField": 1,
                "page": i + 1
            }
            try:
                # 访问每页获取的数据
                data_responses = self.get_responses(param)
                # 从每页结果中获取所有图书信息，后面根据ID获取每本书的具体内容
                book_info_list = self.get_book_info(data_responses)
                # 多进程下载
                self.multiprocess_download(book_info_list, 10)
            except Exception as e:
                print(e)

    # 判断文件夹是否存在，不存在创建文件夹
    def create_folder(self):
        if not os.path.exists(self.localPath):
            try:
                os.makedirs(self.localPath)
            except Exception as e:
                raise (e)

    # 访问每页获取的数据
    def get_responses(self, param):
        try:
            data_responses = requests.get(self.url, params=param, headers=self.headers)
            return data_responses
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)

    # 从每页结果中获取图书信息，后面根据ID获取每本书的具体内容
    def get_book_info(self, data_responses):
        soup = BeautifulSoup(data_responses.text, 'lxml')
        book_info_raw = soup.select('div.book-mid-info')
        book_info_list = []
        for book_info_raw_single in book_info_raw:
            book_info_dict = dict()
            book_info_dict["title"] = book_info_raw_single.select('h4 > a')[0].get_text()
            book_info_dict["id"] = book_info_raw_single.select('h4 > a')[0].get('data-bid')
            book_info_dict['author'] = book_info_raw_single.select('.name')[0].get_text()
            book_info_list.append(book_info_dict)
        return book_info_list

    # 多进程下载
    def multiprocess_download(self, book_info_list, process):
        pool = Pool(process)
        for book_info_dict in book_info_list:
            pool.apply_async(self.download_one, (book_info_dict,))
        pool.close()
        pool.join()

    # 单个进程下,下载图书详细信息
    def download_one(self, book_info_dict):
        if os.path.exists(self.localPath + book_info_dict["title"]):
            print('exists:', self.localPath + book_info_dict["title"])
            return
        # 捕获异常
        try:
            book_catalog_responses = requests.get("https://book.qidian.com/info/%s#Catalog" % book_info_dict["id"],
                                                  timeout=10, headers=self.headers)
            if book_catalog_responses.status_code == 200:
                print("当前进程ID：{}，图书信息：{}".format(os.getpid(), book_info_dict))
                self.get_book_catalog_url(book_catalog_responses, book_info_dict)
                self.save_book_content(book_info_dict)
        except Exception as e:
            print("异常：{}".format(book_info_dict), e)

    # 获取目录url
    def get_book_catalog_url(self, book_catalog_responses, book_info_dict):
        soup = BeautifulSoup(book_catalog_responses.text, 'html.parser')
        book_catalog_info_raw = soup.select('.volume-wrap li[data-rid] a[href]')
        book_catalog_url_list = []
        for book_catalog_info_raw_single in book_catalog_info_raw:
            book_catalog_url_list.append(book_catalog_info_raw_single['href'])
        book_info_dict['bookCatalogUrl'] = book_catalog_url_list

    # 获取图书内容并保存
    def save_book_content(self, book_info_dict):
        with open(self.localPath + '{}.txt'.format(book_info_dict["title"]), 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
            f.write(book_info_dict['title'] + '\n')
            f.write("作者：" + book_info_dict['author'] + '\n')
            for url in book_info_dict['bookCatalogUrl']:
                try:
                    book_content_responses = requests.get("https:" + url, headers=self.headers)
                    if book_content_responses.status_code == 200:
                        soup = BeautifulSoup(book_content_responses.text, 'html.parser')
                        book_catalog = soup.find('h3', attrs={'class': 'j_chapterName'}).get_text()
                        f.write('\n' + book_catalog + '\n')
                        book_content = soup.find('div', attrs={'class': "read-content j_readContent"})
                        f.write('\t' + book_content.get_text() + '\n')
                except Exception as e:
                    print('异常：{}章节获取失败'.format(book_info_dict['title']), e)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    spider = QidianSpider(100, 'https://www.qidian.com/free/all', 'E://book//')
    spider.download_book()