雅思小作文线图词汇表
(IELTS Line Graph Vocabulary)
一、上升(Rise)
increase /ɪnˈkriːs/ v. & n. 增加 rise, grow, climb
rise /raɪz/ v. & n. 上升 increase, go up, ascend
grow /ɡrəʊ/ v. 增长 increase, expand
climb /klaɪm/ v. 攀升 rise, ascend
surge /sɜːdʒ/ v. & n. 激增,猛增 soar, skyrocket
soar /sɔː(r)/ v. 飙升,高涨 surge, rocket
skyrocket /ˈskaɪˌrɒkɪt/ v. 飞涨 soar, shoot up
jump /dʒʌmp/ v. & n. 猛跳,骤升 leap, spike
leap /liːp/ v. & n. 跃升 jump, surge
ascend /əˈsend/ v. 上升(正式) rise, climb
gain /ɡeɪn/ v. & n. 获得,增加 rise, pick up
pick up /pɪk ʌp/ phr. v. 回升,好转 recover, rebound
rebound /ˈriːbaʊnd/ v. 反弹 recover, bounce back
recover /rɪˈkʌvə(r)/ v. 恢复,回升 bounce back, pick up
boost /buːst/ v. & n. 推动,提升 raise, promote
upwaard trend /ˈʌpwəd trend/ n. 上升趋势 upward movement, rising trend

二、下降(Fall)
decrease /dɪˈkriːs/ v. & n. 减少 decline, drop, fall
decline /dɪˈklaɪn/ v. & n. 下降,衰退 decrease, fall, dwindle
fall /fɔːl/ v. & n. 下降 drop, decline
drop /drɒp/ v. & n. 跌落 fall, decline
plunge /plʌndʒ/ v. & n. 暴跌,骤降 plummet, nosedive
plummet /ˈplʌmɪt/ v. 垂直暴跌 plunge, nosedive
slump /slʌmp/ v. & n. 猛跌,萧条 plunge, collapse
collapse /kəˈlæps/ v. & n. 崩溃,骤降 crash, plummet
sink /sɪŋk/ v. 下沉,降低 fall, drop
dwindle /ˈdwɪndl/ v. 逐渐缩小,减少 diminish, shrink
shrink /ʃrɪŋk/ v. 收缩,减少 contract, dwindle
diminish /dɪˈmɪnɪʃ/ v. 减弱,减少 decrease, dwindle
dip /dɪp/ v. & n. 轻微下降 fall slightly, drop slightly
descend /dɪˈsend/ v. 下降(正式) decline, drop
downward trend /ˈdaʊnwəd trend/ n. 下降趋势 downward movement, falling trend

三、平稳(Stability)
remain stable /rɪˈmeɪn ˈsteɪbl/ v. phr. 保持稳定 stay steady, remain constant
remain steady /rɪˈmeɪn ˈstedi/ v. phr. 保持平稳 remain stable, level off
level off /ˈlevl ɒf/ phr. v. 趋于平稳,稳定下来 flatten out, stabilize
flatten out /ˈflætn aʊt/ phr. v. 变平,趋稳 level off, even out
stabilize /ˈsteɪbəlaɪz/ v. 稳定 level off, steady
stay constant /steɪ ˈkɒnstənt/ v. phr. 保持不变 remain unchanged, hold steady
remain unchanged /rɪˈmeɪn ʌnˈtʃeɪndʒd/ v. phr. 保持不变 stay the same, remain constant
plateau /ˈplætəʊ/ v. & n. 达到稳定期,停滞 level off, stabilize
hover around /ˈhɒvə(r) əˈraʊnd/ v. phr. 在……附近波动徘徊 fluctuate slightly around
maintain /meɪnˈteɪn/ v. 维持 keep, sustain
stand at /stænd æt/ v. phr. 保持在(某数值) remain at, stay at

四、波动(Fluctuation)
fluctuate /ˈflʌktʃueɪt/ v. 波动,起伏 vary, oscillate
fluctuation /ˌflʌktʃuˈeɪʃn/ n. 波动,起伏 variation, oscillation
vary /ˈveəri/ v. 变化,不同 fluctuate, differ
variation /ˌveəriˈeɪʃn/ n. 变化,差异 fluctuation, change
oscillate /ˈɒsɪleɪt/ v. 振荡,摆动 fluctuate, swing
swing /swɪŋ/ v. & n. 摇摆,波动 fluctuate, oscillate
waver /ˈweɪvə(r)/ v. 摇摆不定,波动 fluctuate, hesitate
volatile /ˈvɒlətaɪl/ adj. 不稳定的,多变的 unstable, unpredictable
erratic /ɪˈrætɪk/ adj. 不规则的,飘忽的 unpredictable, irregular
instability /ˌɪnstəˈbɪləti/ n. 不稳定 volatility, unpredictability
uneven /ʌnˈiːvn/ adj. 不均匀的,起伏的 irregular, erratic
五、峰值与谷值(Peak & Low Point)
peak /piːk/ v. & n. 达到顶峰;峰值 reach a high, hit a high
reach a peak /riːtʃ ə piːk/ v. phr. 达到最高点 peak at, hit a peak
peak at /piːk æt/ v. phr. 在……达到顶峰 reach a peak of
summit /ˈsʌmɪt/ n. 顶点,顶峰 peak, apex
apex /ˈeɪpeks/ n. 最高点 peak, summit
the highest point /ðə ˈhaɪɪst pɔɪnt/ n. phr. 最高点 the peak, the maximum
a record high /ə ˈrekɔːd haɪ/ n. phr. 创纪录的高水平 an all-time high
bottom out /ˈbɒtəm aʊt/ phr. v. 触底 reach a low, hit bottom
reach a low /riːtʃ ə ləʊ/ v. phr. 降至最低点 bottom out, hit a trough
trough /trɒf/ n. 低谷 low point, bottom
the lowest point /ðə ˈləʊɪst pɔɪnt/ n. phr. 最低点 the bottom, the minimum
a record low /ə ˈrekɔːd ləʊ/ n. phr. 创纪录的低水平 an all-time low

六、变化程度副词(Degree Adverbs)
大幅度变化:
sharply /ˈʃɑːpli/ adv. 急剧地
dramatically /drəˈmætɪkli/ adv. 显著地,戏剧性地
significantly /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəntli/ adv. 显著地
considerably /kənˈsɪdərəbli/ adv. 相当地,大幅度地
steeply /ˈstiːpli/ adv. 陡峭地,急剧地
rapidly /ˈræpɪdli/ adv. 迅速地
substantially /səbˈstænʃəli/ adv. 大幅地
markedly /ˈmɑːkɪdli/ adv. 明显地
drastically /ˈdræstɪkli/ adv. 彻底地,急剧地
sharply /ˈʃɑːpli/ adv. 急剧地
小幅度变化:
slightly /ˈslaɪtli/ adv. 轻微地
gradually /ˈɡrædʒuəli/ adv. 逐渐地
steadily /ˈstedɪli/ adv. 平稳地,持续地
slowly /ˈsləʊli/ adv. 缓慢地
moderately /ˈmɒdərətli/ adv. 适度地
marginally /ˈmɑːdʒɪnəli/ adv. 略微地
gently /ˈdʒentli/ adv. 平缓地
其他常用副词:
consistently /kənˈsɪstəntli/ adv. 持续地,一贯地
steadily /ˈstedɪli/ adv. 稳步地
eventually /ɪˈventʃuəli/ adv. 最终
respectively /rɪˈspektɪvli/ adv. 分别地
七、描述趋势的形容词与名词(Adjectives & Nouns)
trend /trend/ n. 趋势 tendency, pattern
tendency /ˈtendənsi/ n. 倾向,趋势 trend, inclination
pattern /ˈpætn/ n. 模式,规律 trend, tendency
growth /ɡrəʊθ/ n. 增长 increase, expansion
surge /sɜːdʒ/ n. 激增 upsurge, jump
decline /dɪˈklaɪn/ n. 下降 decrease, downturn
downturn /ˈdaʊntɜːn/ n. 衰退,低迷 decline, slump
upswing /ˈʌpswɪŋ/ n. 上升期 upturn, rise
upturn /ˈʌptɜːn/ n. 好转,上升 upswing, recovery
stability /stəˈbɪləti/ n. 稳定 steadiness, constancy
dramatic /drəˈmætɪk/ adj. 戏剧性的,显著的 significant, striking
gradual /ˈɡrædʒuəl/ adj. 逐渐的 steady, progressive
steady /ˈstedi/ adj. 稳定的 stable, constant
sharp /ʃɑːp/ adj. 急剧的 steep, dramatic
slight /slaɪt/ adj. 轻微的 small, minor
八、时间与数据连接表达
(Time & Data Expressions)
over the period /ˈəʊvə ðə ˈpɪəriəd/ prep. phr. 在……期间
from...to... /frəm...tuː/ prep. 从……到……
between...and... /bɪˈtwiːn...ænd/ prep. 在……与……之间
during /ˈdjʊərɪŋ/ prep. 在……期间
throughout /θruːˈaʊt/ prep. 贯穿,自始至终
by /baɪ/ prep. 到……为止(用于描述变化幅度)
in /ɪn/ prep. 在……(用于具体年份)
at the beginning of /æt ðə bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ əv/ prep. phr. 在……开始时
at the end of /æt ði end əv/ prep. phr. 在……结束时
by the end of /baɪ ði end əv/ prep. phr. 到……结束时
initially /ɪˈnɪʃəli/ adv. 起初,最初
subsequently /ˈsʌbsɪkwəntli/ adv. 随后,接着
afterwards /ˈɑːftəwədz/ adv. 之后
over the next...years /ˈəʊvə ðə nekst...jɪəz/ prep. phr. 在接下来的……年里

九、对比与占比(Comparison)
whereas /ˌweərˈæz/ conj. 然而(对比) while, whilst
while /waɪl/ conj. 而,然而 whereas, although
in contrast /ɪn ˈkɒntrɑːst/ adv. phr. 相比之下 by contrast, conversely
conversely /ˈkɒnvɜːsli/ adv. 相反地 in contrast, on the other hand
similarly /ˈsɪmələli/ adv. 相似地 likewise, in the same way
likewise /ˈlaɪkwaɪz/ adv. 同样地 similarly
respectively /rɪˈspektɪvli/ adv. 分别地 correspondingly
exceed /ɪkˈsiːd/ v. 超过 surpass, outnumber
surpass /səˈpɑːs/ v. 超越 exceed, overtake
outnumber /ˌaʊtˈnʌmbə(r)/ v. 数量上超过 exceed, surpass
overtake /ˌəʊvəˈteɪk/ v. 赶超 surpass, exceed
account for /əˈkaʊnt fɔː(r)/ phr. v. 占(比例) represent, make up
constitute /ˈkɒnstɪtjuːt/ v. 构成 make up, account for
实用句型示例
开头段:
- The line graph illustrates/compares the changes in... over a ...-year period from ... to ...
- The line chart shows how ... changed between ... and ...
主体段:
- X increased dramatically from A to B, whereas Y declined steadily over the same period.
- After reaching a peak of A in ..., the figure fell sharply to B by ...
- The number of ... remained relatively stable, hovering around ...
- Both A and B fluctuated considerably throughout the period, ending at ... and ... respectively.
结尾段:
- Overall, it is clear that ... experienced the most significant change, while ... remained relatively unchanged.

使用建议:
1. 一篇小作文中同一动词不要重复使用超过两次,注意使用同义替换;
2. "increase/decrease" 等词后接介词 in(如 an increase in sales),接幅度用 by,接结果用 to(如 increased by 10% to 50);
3. 动态图(线图)要突出起点、终点、转折点、峰值/谷值四大关键点;
4. 程度副词与动词搭配要准确:如 "slightly + increase","sharply + decline",避免 "slightly surge" 这类逻辑矛盾的搭配。