1.
permeate：[ˈpɜːrmieɪt]
vt. 渗透，透过；弥漫
vi. 弥漫；透入；散布
If an idea, feeling, or attitude permeates a system or permeates society, it affects every part of it or is present throughout it. (思想、情感或态度) 全面影响
Bias against women permeates every level of the judicial system.
对妇女的偏见全面影响司法体系的各个层面。
permeant： ['pɜːmɪənt]
adj. 浸透的；渗透的
2.
perforate： [ˈpɜːrfəreɪt]
vt. 穿孔于，打孔穿透；在…上打齿孔
vi. 穿过，贯穿；穿孔
perforation： [ˌpɜːfəˈreɪʃn]
n. 穿孔；贯穿
3.
headway:[ˈhedweɪ]
n. 前进；进步；航行速度；间隔时间
significant headway 重要进展
make headway 取得进展；有进展
His research in cancer that spanned 15 years has made considerable headway in the end.
他对癌症持续15年的研究终于取得了极大的进展。
4.
contraction： [kənˈtrækʃn]
n. 收缩，紧缩；缩写式；害病
5.
stab:[stæb]
vt. 刺；刺伤；戳；刺穿；直入
vi. 刺；刺伤；戳；刺痛
n. 刺；戳；尝试；突发的一阵
If you have a stab at something, you try to do it. 尝试 [非正式]
Several tennis stars have had a stab at acting.
几位网球明星曾尝试过演戏。
a stab in the back :诽谤，伤人的暗箭
Such a vicious lie could be nothing but a stab in the back.
stabbing: [ˈstæbɪŋ]
v. （用刀等锐器）刺；（用手指或尖物）戳（stab 的现在分词）
n. 持刀伤人事件
adj. （疼痛）突然而剧烈的
(如有侵权之处，告知立删）
