https://www.2cto.com/database/201607/522147.html
https://blog.csdn.net/ssdbbg/article/details/8205509
https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-06/118767.htm
Mysql+keepalived主从切换
Keepalived看名字就知道,保持存活,在网络里面就是保持在线了,也就是所谓的高可用或热备,用来防止单点故障(单点故障是指一旦某一点出现故障就会导致整个系统架构的不可用)的发生,那说到keepalived不得不说的一个协议不是VRRP协议,可以说这个协议就是keepalived实现的基础。
网络结构:
VIP :192.168.1.172
MYSQL1:192.168.1.100
MYSQL2:192.168.1.104
其中MYSQL1为主服务器
MYSQL2为从服务器
要实现mysql+keepalived主从切换,首先要实现的就是两台mysql服务器的主主同步。关于主主同步,可以参考之前的文章《mysql数据库远程同步及备份 》
准备好源码包keepalived-1.2.7.tar.gz,然后将其放置在home/software目录下面:
#tar zxvf keepalived-1.2.7.tar.gz
#cd keepalived-1.2.7
#./configure
出错:
sudo apt-get install openssl
# apt-get install libpopt-dev
sudo apt-get install libssl-dev
sudo apt-get install libssl0.9.8
#make & make install
下面将详细讲述在MYSQL主服务器上对keepalived的配置。
由于keepalived启动的时候,默认到/etc目录下面去读取配置文件,所以要先在/etc目录下创建一目录keepalived
#mkdir –p /etc/keepalived
#cd /etc/keepalived
#vin keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
380934769@qq.com
}
notification_email_from 380934769@qq.com
smtp_connect_timeout 3
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
router_id MySQL-ha
}
vrrp_script check_run { #声明vrrp_script 的函数check_run
script "/root/keepalived_check_mysql.sh"
interval 5
}
vrrp_sync_group VG1 {
group {
VI_1
}
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER #指定主服务器节点为主节点,备用节点上设置为BACKUP即可
interface eth0 #指定虚拟IP的网络接口
virtual_router_id 88 #VRRP组名,两个节点的设置必须一样,以指明各个节点属于同一VRRP组
priority 100 #主节点的优先级(1-254之间),备用节点必须比主节点优先级低。
advert_int 1 #组播信息发送间隔,两个节点设置必须一样
nopreempt
authentication { #设置验证信息,两个节点必须一致
auth_type PASS
auth_pass skyai1.cublog.cn
}
track_script { #调用函数代码块
check_run
}
virtual_ipaddress { #虚拟IP
192.168.1.172
}
}
MYSQL从服务器的keepalived配置如下:
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
380934769@qq.com
}
notification_email_from 380934769@qq.com
smtp_connect_timeout 3
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
router_id MySQL-ha
}
vrrp_script check_run {
script "/root/keepalived_check_mysql.sh"
interval 5
}
vrrp_sync_group VG1 {
group {
VI_1
}
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 88
priority 99
advert_int 1
nopreempt
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass skyai1.cublog.cn
}
track_script {
check_run
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.1.172
}
}
在目录root下创建脚本keepalived_check_mysql.sh:
#vim /root/keepalived_check_mysql.sh
#!/bin/bash
MYSQL=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql
MYSQL_HOST=localhost
MYSQL_USER=root
MYSQL_PASSWORD=123456
CHECK_TIME=3
#mysql is working MYSQL_OK is 1 , mysql down MYSQL_OK is 0
MYSQL_OK=1
function check_mysql_helth (){
$MYSQL -h $MYSQL_HOST -u $MYSQL_USER -p${MYSQL_PASSWORD} -e "show status;" >/dev/null 2>&1
if [ $? = 0 ] ;then
MYSQL_OK=1
else
MYSQL_OK=0
fi
return $MYSQL_OK
}
while [ $CHECK_TIME -ne 0 ]
do
let "CHECK_TIME -= 1"
check_mysql_helth
if [ $MYSQL_OK = 1 ] ; then
CHECK_TIME=0
exit 0
fi
if [ $MYSQL_OK -eq 0 ] && [ $CHECK_TIME -eq 0 ]
then
pkill keepalived
exit 1
fi
sleep 1
done
#keepalived start
#tcpdump vrrp
此时显示是主服务器在提供服务。
关闭主服务器上的mysql
#mysql stop
然后由keepalived配置文件可以知道,mysql关闭的话,将会执行keepalived_check_mysql.sh这一脚本。这个脚本在执行的时候,会判断mysql的状态,如果mysql关闭了,将会关闭主服务器上的keepalived。主服务器上的keepalived一旦关闭,那么从服务器马上变为主服务器,为用户提供服务,如下图所示:
由上图可以看到,现在主从服务器已经切换了。
由于前面所述,主服务器的mysql已经关闭,从服务器已经切换为主服务器,所以在从服务器上就可以查看到虚拟IP。
#ip a
由图中可以看到虚拟IP。
此时,一旦主服务器上的mysql重启,然后再启动keepalived之后,主服务器又会切换成向用户提供服务的服务器。
由图可知,已经切换成功。
在主服务器上查看虚拟IP
#ip a
可以看到虚拟IP。OK,mysql+keepalived自动切换完成。
环境描述:
OS:CentOS6.5_X64
MASTER:192.168.0.202
BACKUP:192.168.0.203
VIP:192.168.0.204
1、配置两台Mysql主主同步
[root@master ~]# yum install mysql-server mysql -y
[root@master ~]# service mysqld start
[root@master ~]# mysqladmin -u root password 123.com
[root@master ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf #开启二进制日志,设置id
[mysqld]
server-id = 1 #backup这台设置2
log-bin = mysql-bin
binlog-ignore-db = mysql,information_schema #忽略写入binlog日志的库
auto-increment-increment = 2 #字段变化增量值
auto-increment-offset = 1 #初始字段ID为1
slave-skip-errors = all #忽略所有复制产生的错误
[root@master ~]# service mysqld restart
#先查看下log bin日志和pos值位置
master配置如下:
[root@ master ~]# mysql -u root -p123.com
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'replication'@'192.168.0.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'replication';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> change master to
-> master_host='192.168.0.203',
-> master_user='replication',
-> master_password='replication',
-> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000002',
-> master_log_pos=106; #对端状态显示的值
mysql> start slave; #启动同步
backup配置如下:
[root@backup ~]# mysql -u root -p123.com
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'replication'@'192.168.0.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'replication';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> change master to
-> master_host='192.168.0.202',
-> master_user='replication',
-> master_password='replication',
-> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000002',
-> master_log_pos=106;
mysql> start slave;
#主主同步配置完毕,查看同步状态Slave_IO和Slave_SQL是YES说明主主同步成功。
在master插入数据测试下:
在backup查看是否同步成功:
可以看到已经成功同步过去,同样在backup插入到user表数据,一样同步过去,双主就做成功了。
2、配置keepalived实现热备
[root@backup ~]# yum install -y pcre-devel openssl-devel popt-devel #安装依赖包
[root@master ~]# wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.7.tar.gz
[root@master ~]# tar zxvf keepalived-1.2.7.tar.gz
[root@master ~]# cd keepalived-1.2.7
[root@master ~]#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived
make && make install
#将keepalived配置成系统服务
[root@master ~]# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/
[root@master ~]# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
[root@master ~]# mkdir /etc/keepalived/
[root@master ~]# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/
[root@master ~]# cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/
[root@master ~]# vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File forkeepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
test@sina.com
}
notification_email_from admin@test.com
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id MYSQL_HA #标识,双主相同
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP #两台都设置BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51 #主备相同
priority 100 #优先级,backup设置90
advert_int 1
nopreempt #不主动抢占资源,只在master这台优先级高的设置,backup不设置
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.0.204
}
}
virtual_server 192.168.0.204 3306 {
delay_loop 2
#lb_algo rr #LVS算法,用不到,我们就关闭了
#lb_kind DR #LVS模式,如果不关闭,备用服务器不能通过VIP连接主MySQL
persistence_timeout 50 #同一IP的连接60秒内被分配到同一台真实服务器
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.0.202 3306 { #检测本地mysql,backup也要写检测本地mysql
weight 3
notify_down /usr/local/keepalived/mysql.sh #当mysq服down时,执行此脚本,杀死keepalived实现切换
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 3 #连接超时
nb_get_retry 3 #重试次数
delay_before_retry 3 #重试间隔时间
}
}
[root@master ~]# vi /usr/local/keepalived/mysql.sh
#!/bin/bash
pkill keepalived
[root@master ~]# chmod +x /usr/local/keepalived/mysql.sh
[root@master ~]# /etc/init.d/keepalived start
#backup服务器只修改priority为90、nopreempt不设置、real_server设置本地IP。
#授权两台Mysql服务器允许root远程登录,用于在其他服务器登陆测试!
mysql> grant all on *.* to'root'@'192.168.0.%' identified by '123.com';
mysql> flush privileges;
3、测试高可用性
1、通过Mysql客户端通过VIP连接,看是否连接成功。
2、停止master这台mysql服务,是否能正常切换过去,可通过ip addr命令来查看VIP在哪台服务器上。
3、可通过查看/var/log/messges日志,看出主备切换过程
4、master服务器故障恢复后,是否主动抢占资源,成为活动服务器。