开始之前

宿主机器信息

虚拟机机信息

• 注意: ubuntu虚拟机上所有的软件都要安装linux arm64版本

开始之前， 首先在所有的ubuntu配置了root用户登陆，安装软件会方便一点

一、环境准备

1. 服务规划

2. 软件版本、pod和service网段划分

pod和service网段根据实际需要修改

3. 系统设置

• 所有节点执行一遍

定义环境变量：

这里先将ip地址的环境变量加入到~/.bashrc，这样就可以永久保存，因为是为了防止部署时配置的ip地址写错导致集群出现问题，还有环境变量添加只能执行一次因为是重定向到文件内。

cd ~
echo "K8S_MASTER01='192.168.91.136'" >>  ~/.bashrc
echo "K8S_MASTER02='192.168.91.137'" >>  ~/.bashrc
echo "K8S_MASTER03='192.168.91.138'" >>  ~/.bashrc
echo "K8S_NODE01='192.168.91.139'" >>  ~/.bashrc
echo "K8S_NODE02='192.168.91.140'" >>  ~/.bashrc
echo "LOCALHOST=`hostname -I |awk '{print $1}'`" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "K8S_VIP='192.168.91.100'" >>  ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc

4. 设置主机名称

hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-master01
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-master02
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-master03
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node01
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node02

5. 安装一些必备工具

apt install net-tools nfs-kernel-server curl vim git lvm2 telnet htop jq lrzsz tree bash-completion telnet wget make -y

vim ~/.bashrc
# 去除注释
if [ -f /etc/bash_completion ] && ! shopt -oq posix; then
    . /etc/bash_completion
fi
source ~/.bashrc

6. 主机名解析

cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
$K8S_MASTER01  k8s-master01
$K8S_MASTER02  k8s-master02
$K8S_MASTER03  k8s-master03
$K8S_NODE01  k8s-node01
$K8S_NODE02  k8s-node02
EOF

7. 所有节点禁用swap分区

swapoff -a && sed -i '/ swap / s/^\(.*\)$/#\1/g' /etc/fstab
swapoff -a && sysctl -w vm.swappiness=0

cat /etc/fstab | grep swap

查看一下swap状态

cat /etc/fstab

结果

root@k8s-master01:~/Desktop# cat /etc/fstab
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>
# / was on /dev/nvme0n1p2 during installation
UUID=6a62dbb4-12bc-4f75-a233-66240703c49f /               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1
# /boot/efi was on /dev/nvme0n1p1 during installation
UUID=F903-3FFB  /boot/efi       vfat    umask=0077      0       1
#/swapfile                                 none            swap    sw              0       0

8. 所有节点时间同步

这里也不重要， ubuntu 22.04装机已经选了时区

sudo timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai

<img src="img/time_zone.png">

9. 所有节点配置ulimit

ulimit -SHn 65535
cat >> /etc/security/limits.conf <<EOF
* soft nofile 655360
* hard nofile 131072
* soft nproc 655350
* hard nproc 655350
* seft memlock unlimited
* hard memlock unlimitedd
EOF

10. 配置免密登陆

k8s-master01配置即可

apt install -y sshpass
ssh-keygen -f /root/.ssh/id_rsa -P ''
export IP="k8s-master01 k8s-master02 k8s-master03 k8s-node01 k8s-node02"
export SSHPASS=mypassword
for HOST in $IP;do
     sshpass -e ssh-copy-id -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no $HOST
     echo $HOST
done

11. 安装ipvs

apt install ipvsadm ipset sysstat conntrack -y

cat >> /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf <<EOF 
ip_vs
ip_vs_rr
ip_vs_wrr
ip_vs_sh
nf_conntrack
ip_tables
ip_set
xt_set
ipt_set
ipt_rpfilter
ipt_REJECT
ipip
EOF

systemctl restart systemd-modules-load.service
systemctl enable ipvsadm

lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack

结果如下

ip_vs_sh               16384  0
ip_vs_wrr              16384  0
ip_vs_rr               16384  0
ip_vs                 180224  6 ip_vs_rr,ip_vs_sh,ip_vs_wrr
nf_conntrack          176128  1 ip_vs
nf_defrag_ipv6         24576  2 nf_conntrack,ip_vs
nf_defrag_ipv4         16384  1 nf_conntrack
libcrc32c              16384  2 nf_conntrack,ip_vs

12. 修改内核参数

cat <<EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
fs.may_detach_mounts = 1
vm.overcommit_memory=1
vm.panic_on_oom=0
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=89100
fs.file-max=52706963
fs.nr_open=52706963
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=2310720


net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl =15
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 36000
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 327680
net.ipv4.tcp_orphan_retries = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.ip_conntrack_max = 65536
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.core.somaxconn = 16384

net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 0
net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 0
net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 0
net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding = 0

EOF

sysctl --system

13. 域名解析

apt install resolvconf
systemctl enable resolvconf.service
echo -e "nameserver 8.8.8.8\nnameserver 8.8.4.4" >>  /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/head

systemctl start resolvconf.service
sudo systemctl restart resolvconf.service
sudo systemctl restart systemd-resolved.service
sudo systemctl status resolvconf.service
echo -e "nameserver 8.8.8.8\nnameserver 8.8.4.4" >> /etc/resolv.conf

二、 k8s组件软件安装

1. 所有节点安装Containerd作为Runtime

1.1 配置containerd所需的内核

chmod 777 /etc/modules-load.d/

1.2 配置Containerd所需的模块

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/containerd.conf
overlay
br_netfilter
EOF

1.3 加载内核模块

sudo modprobe -- overlay sudo modprobe -- br_netfilter

1.4 配置Containerd所需的内核

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/99-kubernetes-cri.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables  = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward                 = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
EOF

# 加载内核
sysctl --system

1.5 下载container

当前 ubuntu 22.04是 arm版本， contained要选择arm64版, 如果要下载别的版本， 在以下下载地址中releases中查询

文档：

https://kubernetes.io/zh-cn/docs/setup/production-environment/container-runtimes/

https://github.com/containerd/containerd/blob/main/docs/getting-started.md

下载带cri开头的containerd版本，最新版是v1.7.2,里面包含了 systemd 配置文件，containerd 和ctr、crictl等部署文件

wget https://github.com/containerd/containerd/releases/download/v1.7.2/cri-containerd-1.7.2-linux-arm64.tar.gz

#解压
tar -xzf cri-containerd-*-linux-arm64.tar.gz -C /
#创建文件夹
sudo mkdir -p /etc/containerd && sudo chmod 777 /etc/containerd

1.6 构建Containerd配置文件

mkdir -p /etc/containerd
containerd config default | tee /etc/containerd/config.toml

# 修改Containerd的配置文件
sed -i "s#SystemdCgroup\ \=\ false#SystemdCgroup\ \=\ true#g" /etc/containerd/config.toml
cat /etc/containerd/config.toml | grep SystemdCgroup

# 配置阿里云镜像源
sed -i "s#registry.k8s.io#registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers#g" /etc/containerd/config.toml
cat /etc/containerd/config.toml | grep sandbox_image

1.7 配置crictl客户端连接

sudo bash -c "cat > /etc/crictl.yaml"  <<EOF
runtime-endpoint: unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock
image-endpoint: unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock
timeout: 10
debug: false
EOF

#修改下权限
chmod 777 /etc/crictl.yaml

1.8 启动containerd

注意：如果镜像源不可用，会影响后面镜像的下载

systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable --now containerd
#systemctl restart containerd
# 查看containerd状态
systemctl status containerd

结果

oot@k8s-master01:~/Desktop# systemctl status containerd
● containerd.service - containerd container runtime
     Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/containerd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Thu 2023-07-27 13:10:29 CST; 4h 14min ago
       Docs: https://containerd.io
    Process: 31533 ExecStartPre=/sbin/modprobe overlay (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   Main PID: 31534 (containerd)
      Tasks: 62
     Memory: 314.5M
        CPU: 2min 53.857s
     CGroup: /system.slice/containerd.service
             ├─31322 /usr/local/bin/containerd-shim-runc-v2 -namespace k8s.io -id 1b79ec9562212a2e469393e97e7ce77f43bfee7486f7b7b81f1e86d166bc5e3c -address /run/container>
             ├─31534 /usr/local/bin/containerd
             ├─39501 /usr/local/bin/containerd-shim-runc-v2 -namespace k8s.io -id ec70b71d21c9e26db021c98a0f08e16c4f780890442b48c33e7b47d3939c5232 -address /run/container>
             ├─52477 /usr/local/bin/containerd-shim-runc-v2 -namespace k8s.io -id 3a69ef7cc5a88a3dac30d00a28c594e526484d0de7e92574a41c15a6c0d18d6b -address /run/container>
             └─75016 /usr/local/bin/containerd-shim-runc-v2 -namespace k8s.io -id 5883e5432a9fa6270f659461702256ca4624b544be0bef833f14a53a8767b8ce -address /run/container>

2. k8s和etcd安装

https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.5.9/etcd-v3.5.9-linux-arm64.zip

2.1 k8s下载&安装

#k8s二进制包

K8S_VERSION=v1.27.4

K8s_COMPONENT='kubelet kubectl kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler kube-proxy'

# 根据下载地址， 遍历组件名称循环下载组件及校验文件
for component in $K8s_COMPONENT;
do 
    echo "downloading ${component}";
    curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/${K8S_VERSION}/bin/linux/arm64/${component}"
    # download checksum file
    curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/${K8S_VERSION}/bin/linux/arm64/${component}.sha256"
done

# 循环校验
for component in $K8s_COMPONENT;
do 
    # check checksum,  if valid, the output is:
    echo "$(cat ${component}.sha256) ${component}" | sha256sum --check
done
# 将组件放到bin目录
sudo install -o root -g root -m 0755 kube{let,ctl,-apiserver,-controller-manager,-scheduler,-proxy} /usr/local/bin

2.2 etcd下载&安装

#etcd二进制包
ETCD_VER=v3.5.9

# choose either URL
HUAWEI_URL=https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/etcd
GITHUB_URL=https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download
DOWNLOAD_URL=${HUAWEI_URL}

rm -f /tmp/etcd-${ETCD_VER}-linux-arm64.tar.gz

curl -L ${DOWNLOAD_URL}/${ETCD_VER}/etcd-${ETCD_VER}-linux-arm64.tar.gz -o /tmp/etcd-${ETCD_VER}-linux-arm64.tar.gz
tar xzvf /tmp/etcd-${ETCD_VER}-linux-arm64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/bin --strip-components=1
rm -f /tmp/etcd-${ETCD_VER}-linux-arm64.tar.gz

# 查看版本

kubelet --version
# Kubernetes v1.26.5

etcdctl version
# etcdctl version: 3.5.9
# API version: 3.5

2.3 将组件发送至其他k8s节点

etcd只部署在master节点

Master='k8s-master02 k8s-master03'
Work='k8s-node01 k8s-node02'


for NODE in $Master;
do 
    echo "正在传输的主机地址：$NODE ...";
    scp /usr/local/bin/kube{let,ctl,-apiserver,-controller-manager,-scheduler,-proxy} $NODE:/usr/local/bin/;
    scp /usr/local/bin/etcd* $NODE:/usr/local/bin/;
done

for NODE in $Work;
do  
    echo "正在传输的主机地址：$NODE ...";
    scp /usr/local/bin/kube{let,-proxy,ctl} $NODE:/usr/local/bin/ ; 
done

# 添加tab功能
apt install -y bash-completion
source /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
source <(kubectl completion bash)
echo "source <(kubectl completion bash)" >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc

3. 创建证书相关文件

mkdir -p /root/k8s/ssl && cd /root/k8s/ssl
cat > admin-csr.json << EOF 
{
  "CN": "admin",
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "Shanghai",
      "L": "Shanghai",
      "O": "system:masters",
      "OU": "Kubernetes-manual"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

cat > ca-config.json << EOF 
{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "876000h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "kubernetes": {
        "usages": [
            "signing",
            "key encipherment",
            "server auth",
            "client auth"
        ],
        "expiry": "876000h"
      }
    }
  }
}
EOF

cat > etcd-ca-csr.json  << EOF 
{
  "CN": "etcd",
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "Shanghai",
      "L": "Shanghai",
      "O": "etcd",
      "OU": "Etcd Security"
    }
  ],
  "ca": {
    "expiry": "876000h"
  }
}
EOF

cat > front-proxy-ca-csr.json  << EOF 
{
  "CN": "kubernetes",
  "key": {
     "algo": "rsa",
     "size": 2048
  },
  "ca": {
    "expiry": "876000h"
  }
}
EOF

cat > kubelet-csr.json  << EOF 
{
  "CN": "system:node:\$NODE",
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "Shanghai",
      "ST": "Shanghai",
      "O": "system:nodes",
      "OU": "Kubernetes-manual"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

cat > manager-csr.json << EOF 
{
  "CN": "system:kube-controller-manager",
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "Shanghai",
      "L": "Shanghai",
      "O": "system:kube-controller-manager",
      "OU": "Kubernetes-manual"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

cat > apiserver-csr.json << EOF 
{
  "CN": "kube-apiserver",
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "Shanghai",
      "L": "Shanghai",
      "O": "Kubernetes",
      "OU": "Kubernetes-manual"
    }
  ]
}
EOF


cat > ca-csr.json   << EOF 
{
  "CN": "kubernetes",
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "Shanghai",
      "L": "Shanghai",
      "O": "Kubernetes",
      "OU": "Kubernetes-manual"
    }
  ],
  "ca": {
    "expiry": "876000h"
  }
}
EOF

cat > etcd-csr.json << EOF 
{
  "CN": "etcd",
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "Shanghai",
      "L": "Shanghai",
      "O": "etcd",
      "OU": "Etcd Security"
    }
  ]
}
EOF


cat > front-proxy-client-csr.json  << EOF 
{
  "CN": "front-proxy-client",
  "key": {
     "algo": "rsa",
     "size": 2048
  }
}
EOF


cat > kube-proxy-csr.json  << EOF 
{
  "CN": "system:kube-proxy",
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "Shanghai",
      "L": "Shanghai",
      "O": "system:kube-proxy",
      "OU": "Kubernetes-manual"
    }
  ]
}
EOF


cat > scheduler-csr.json << EOF 
{
  "CN": "system:kube-scheduler",
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "Shanghai",
      "L": "Shanghai",
      "O": "system:kube-scheduler",
      "OU": "Kubernetes-manual"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

cd .. ; mkdir -p bootstrap ; cd bootstrap
cat > bootstrap.secret.yaml << EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: bootstrap-token-c8ad9c
  namespace: kube-system
type: bootstrap.kubernetes.io/token
stringData:
  description: "The default bootstrap token generated by 'kubelet '."
  token-id: c8ad9c
  token-secret: 2e4d610cf3e7426e
  usage-bootstrap-authentication: "true"
  usage-bootstrap-signing: "true"
  auth-extra-groups:  system:bootstrappers:default-node-token,system:bootstrappers:worker,system:bootstrappers:ingress
 
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kubelet-bootstrap
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:node-bootstrapper
subjects:
- apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Group
  name: system:bootstrappers:default-node-token
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: node-autoapprove-bootstrap
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:certificates.k8s.io:certificatesigningrequests:nodeclient
subjects:
- apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Group
  name: system:bootstrappers:default-node-token
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: node-autoapprove-certificate-rotation
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:certificates.k8s.io:certificatesigningrequests:selfnodeclient
subjects:
- apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Group
  name: system:nodes
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  annotations:
    rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
  name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - nodes/proxy
      - nodes/stats
      - nodes/log
      - nodes/spec
      - nodes/metrics
    verbs:
      - "*"
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: system:kube-apiserver
  namespace: ""
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
subjects:
  - apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
    kind: User
    name: kube-apiserver
EOF


cd .. ; mkdir -p coredns && cd coredns
cat > coredns.yaml << EOF 
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
  name: system:coredns
rules:
  - apiGroups:
    - ""
    resources:
    - endpoints
    - services
    - pods
    - namespaces
    verbs:
    - list
    - watch
  - apiGroups:
    - discovery.k8s.io
    resources:
    - endpointslices
    verbs:
    - list
    - watch
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  annotations:
    rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
  name: system:coredns
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:coredns
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
data:
  Corefile: |
    .:53 {
        errors
        health {
          lameduck 5s
        }
        ready
        kubernetes cluster.local in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa {
          fallthrough in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa
        }
        prometheus :9153
        forward . /etc/resolv.conf {
          max_concurrent 1000
        }
        cache 30
        loop
        reload
        loadbalance
    }
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
    kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
spec:
  # replicas: not specified here:
  # 1. Default is 1.
  # 2. Will be tuned in real time if DNS horizontal auto-scaling is turned on.
  strategy:
    type: RollingUpdate
    rollingUpdate:
      maxUnavailable: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kube-dns
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kube-dns
    spec:
      priorityClassName: system-cluster-critical
      serviceAccountName: coredns
      tolerations:
        - key: "CriticalAddonsOnly"
          operator: "Exists"
      nodeSelector:
        kubernetes.io/os: linux
      affinity:
         podAntiAffinity:
           preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
           - weight: 100
             podAffinityTerm:
               labelSelector:
                 matchExpressions:
                   - key: k8s-app
                     operator: In
                     values: ["kube-dns"]
               topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname
      containers:
      - name: coredns
        image: registry.cn-Shanghai.aliyuncs.com/dotbalo/coredns:1.8.6 
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        resources:
          limits:
            memory: 170Mi
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 70Mi
        args: [ "-conf", "/etc/coredns/Corefile" ]
        volumeMounts:
        - name: config-volume
          mountPath: /etc/coredns
          readOnly: true
        ports:
        - containerPort: 53
          name: dns
          protocol: UDP
        - containerPort: 53
          name: dns-tcp
          protocol: TCP
        - containerPort: 9153
          name: metrics
          protocol: TCP
        securityContext:
          allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
          capabilities:
            add:
            - NET_BIND_SERVICE
            drop:
            - all
          readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /health
            port: 8080
            scheme: HTTP
          initialDelaySeconds: 60
          timeoutSeconds: 5
          successThreshold: 1
          failureThreshold: 5
        readinessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /ready
            port: 8181
            scheme: HTTP
      dnsPolicy: Default
      volumes:
        - name: config-volume
          configMap:
            name: coredns
            items:
            - key: Corefile
              path: Corefile
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: kube-dns
  namespace: kube-system
  annotations:
    prometheus.io/port: "9153"
    prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
  labels:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
spec:
  selector:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
  clusterIP: 10.96.0.10 
  ports:
  - name: dns
    port: 53
    protocol: UDP
  - name: dns-tcp
    port: 53
    protocol: TCP
  - name: metrics
    port: 9153
    protocol: TCP
EOF

三. 相关证书生成

master01节点下载证书生成工具
wget "https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/releases/download/v1.6.4/cfssl_1.6.4_linux_arm64" -O /usr/local/bin/cfssl
wget "https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/releases/download/v1.6.4/cfssljson_1.6.4_linux_arm64" -O /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/cfssl*

1. 生成etcd证书

• master节点操作

1.1 所有master节点创建证书存放目录

mkdir /etc/etcd/ssl -p

1.2 master01节点生成etcd证书

mkdir -p /root/k8s/ssl && cd /root/k8s/ssl
# 生成etcd证书和etcd证书的key（如果你觉得以后可能会扩容，可以在ip那多写几个预留出来）
cfssl gencert -initca etcd-ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-ca

cfssl gencert \
   -ca=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-ca.pem \
   -ca-key=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-ca-key.pem \
   -config=ca-config.json \
   -hostname=127.0.0.1,k8s-master01,k8s-master02,k8s-master03,k8s-node01,k8s-node02,$K8S_MASTER01,$K8S_MASTER02,$K8S_MASTER03,$K8S_NODE01,$K8S_NODE02 \
   -profile=kubernetes \
   etcd-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/etcd/ssl/etcd

1.3 将证书复制到其他etcd节点

Master='k8s-master02 k8s-master03'

for NODE in $Master;
do
    ssh $NODE "mkdir -p /etc/etcd/ssl";
    for FILE in etcd-ca-key.pem  etcd-ca.pem  etcd-key.pem  etcd.pem;
    do
        scp /etc/etcd/ssl/${FILE} $NODE:/etc/etcd/ssl/${FILE}; 
    done;
done

2. 生成k8s相关证书

• master节点操作

2.1 所有k8s节点创建证书存放目录

mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/pki

2.2 master01节点生成k8s证书

cd /root/k8s/ssl

cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca

# 生成一个根证书 ，多写了一些IP作为预留IP，为将来添加node做准备
# 10.96.0.1是service网段的第一个地址，需要计算，192.168.91.100为高可用vip地址
# 若没有IPv6 可删除可保留 

cfssl gencert   \
-ca=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem   \
-ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca-key.pem   \
-config=ca-config.json   \
-hostname=10.96.0.1,$K8S_VIP,127.0.0.1,kubernetes,kubernetes.default,kubernetes.default.svc,kubernetes.default.svc.cluster,kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local,$K8S_MASTER01,$K8S_MASTER02,$K8S_MASTER03,$K8S_NODE01,$K8S_NODE02,192.168.91.50,192.168.91.51,192.168.91.52,192.168.91.53,192.168.91.54,10.96.0.40,10.96.0.41 \
-profile=kubernetes   apiserver-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver

ls /etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver*

2.3 master01生成apiserver聚合证书

cd /root/k8s/ssl

cfssl gencert   -initca front-proxy-ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca

# 有一个警告，可以忽略
cfssl gencert  \
-ca=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.pem   \
-ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca-key.pem   \
-config=ca-config.json   \
-profile=kubernetes   front-proxy-client-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client

2.4 master01生成kube-proxy证书

cd /root/k8s/ssl
cfssl gencert \
   -ca=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem \
   -ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca-key.pem \
   -config=ca-config.json \
   -profile=kubernetes \
   kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/kubernetes/pki/kube-proxy
   
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem  \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=https://$K8S_VIP:8443     \
  --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy  \
  --client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/pki/kube-proxy.pem     \
  --client-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/kube-proxy-key.pem     \
  --embed-certs=true     \
  --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-context kube-proxy@kubernetes    \
  --cluster=kubernetes     \
  --user=kube-proxy     \
  --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config use-context kube-proxy@kubernetes  --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig

2.5 master01生成controller-manage的证书

cfssl gencert \
   -ca=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem \
   -ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca-key.pem \
   -config=ca-config.json \
   -profile=kubernetes \
   manager-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/kubernetes/pki/controller-manager

# 设置一个集群项

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
     --certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem \
     --embed-certs=true \
     --server=https://$K8S_VIP:8443 \
     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager.kubeconfig

# 设置一个环境项，一个上下文

kubectl config set-context system:kube-controller-manager@kubernetes \
    --cluster=kubernetes \
    --user=system:kube-controller-manager \
    --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager.kubeconfig

# 设置一个用户项

kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-controller-manager \
     --client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/pki/controller-manager.pem \
     --client-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/controller-manager-key.pem \
     --embed-certs=true \
     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager.kubeconfig

# 设置默认环境

kubectl config use-context system:kube-controller-manager@kubernetes \
     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager.kubeconfig

cfssl gencert \
   -ca=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem \
   -ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca-key.pem \
   -config=ca-config.json \
   -profile=kubernetes \
   scheduler-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/kubernetes/pki/scheduler

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
     --certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem \
     --embed-certs=true \
     --server=https://$K8S_VIP:8443 \
     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/scheduler.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-scheduler \
     --client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/pki/scheduler.pem \
     --client-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/scheduler-key.pem \
     --embed-certs=true \
     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/scheduler.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-context system:kube-scheduler@kubernetes \
     --cluster=kubernetes \
     --user=system:kube-scheduler \
     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/scheduler.kubeconfig

kubectl config use-context system:kube-scheduler@kubernetes \
     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/scheduler.kubeconfig

cfssl gencert \
   -ca=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem \
   -ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca-key.pem \
   -config=ca-config.json \
   -profile=kubernetes \
   admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/kubernetes/pki/admin

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes     \
  --certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem     \
  --embed-certs=true     \
  --server=https://$K8S_VIP:8443     \
  --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/admin.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-credentials kubernetes-admin  \
  --client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/pki/admin.pem     \
  --client-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/admin-key.pem     \
  --embed-certs=true     \
  --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/admin.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-context kubernetes-admin@kubernetes    \
  --cluster=kubernetes     \
  --user=kubernetes-admin     \
  --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/admin.kubeconfig

kubectl config use-context kubernetes-admin@kubernetes  --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/admin.kubeconfig

2.6 master01创建ServiceAccount Key ——secret

openssl genrsa -out /etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.key 2048
openssl rsa -in /etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.key -pubout -out /etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.pub

2.7 master01将证书发送到其他master节点

for NODE in k8s-master02 k8s-master03;
do
    for FILE in $(ls /etc/kubernetes/pki | grep -v etcd); 
    do
        ssh $NODE "mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/pki"
        scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/${FILE} $NODE:/etc/kubernetes/pki/${FILE}; 
    done;
    for FILE in admin.kubeconfig controller-manager.kubeconfig scheduler.kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig; 
    do
        ssh $NODE "mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes"
        scp /etc/kubernetes/${FILE} $NODE:/etc/kubernetes/${FILE}; 
    done;
done

2.8 查看证书

ls /etc/kubernetes/pki/
ls /etc/kubernetes/pki/ | wc -l

结果， 共26个文件

root@k8s-master01:~/k8s/ssl# ls /etc/kubernetes/pki/
admin.csr          ca-key.pem                  front-proxy-ca.pem          sa.key
admin-key.pem      ca.pem                      front-proxy-client.csr      sa.pub
admin.pem          controller-manager.csr      front-proxy-client-key.pem  scheduler.csr
apiserver.csr      controller-manager-key.pem  front-proxy-client.pem      scheduler-key.pem
apiserver-key.pem  controller-manager.pem      kube-proxy.csr              scheduler.pem
apiserver.pem      front-proxy-ca.csr          kube-proxy-key.pem
ca.csr             front-proxy-ca-key.pem      kube-proxy.pem
root@k8s-master01:~/k8s/ssl# ls /etc/kubernetes/pki/ | wc -l
26

四. k8s系统组件配置

1. 配置文件内容

• 所有master节点操作

1.1 添加环境变量：

cd ~
if [ $LOCALHOST :==: $K8S_MASTER01 ];then
   echo "etcd='k8s-etcd01'" >>  ~/.bashrc
elif [ $LOCALHOST :==: $K8S_MASTER02 ];then
   echo "etcd='k8s-etcd02'" >>  ~/.bashrc
elif [ $LOCALHOST == $K8S_MASTER03 ];then
  echo "etcd='k8s-etcd03'" >>  ~/.bashrc
fi
source ~/.bashrc

1.2 配置etcd启动文件内容：

cat > /etc/etcd/etcd.config.yml << EOF
name: $etcd
data-dir: /var/lib/etcd
wal-dir: /var/lib/etcd/wal
snapshot-count: 5000
heartbeat-interval: 100
election-timeout: 1000
quota-backend-bytes: 0
listen-peer-urls: "https://$LOCALHOST:2380"
listen-client-urls: "https://$LOCALHOST:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379"
max-snapshots: 3
max-wals: 5
cors:
initial-advertise-peer-urls: "https://$LOCALHOST:2380"
advertise-client-urls: "https://$LOCALHOST:2379"
discovery:
discovery-fallback: 'proxy'
discovery-proxy:
discovery-srv:
initial-cluster: "k8s-etcd01=https://$K8S_MASTER01:2380,k8s-etcd02=https://$K8S_MASTER02:2380,k8s-etcd03=https://$K8S_MASTER03:2380"
initial-cluster-token: 'etcd-k8s-cluster'
initial-cluster-state: 'new'
strict-reconfig-check: false
enable-v2: true
enable-pprof: true
proxy: 'off'
proxy-failure-wait: 5000
proxy-refresh-interval: 30000
proxy-dial-timeout: 1000
proxy-write-timeout: 5000
proxy-read-timeout: 0
client-transport-security:
  cert-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd.pem'
  key-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-key.pem'
  client-cert-auth: true
  trusted-ca-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-ca.pem'
  auto-tls: true
peer-transport-security:
  cert-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd.pem'
  key-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-key.pem'
  peer-client-cert-auth: true
  trusted-ca-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-ca.pem'
  auto-tls: true
debug: false
log-package-levels:
log-outputs: [default]
force-new-cluster: false
EOF

2. 创建service（所有master节点操作）

2.1 创建etcd.service并启动

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service << EOF

[Unit]
Description=Etcd Service
Documentation=https://coreos.com/etcd/docs/latest/
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/etcd --config-file=/etc/etcd/etcd.config.yml
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=10
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
Alias=etcd3.service

EOF

2.2 创建etcd证书目录

mkdir /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd
ln -s /etc/etcd/ssl/* /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now etcd
systemctl status etcd.service

2.3 查看etcd状态

export ETCDCTL_API=3
etcdctl --endpoints="$K8S_MASTER01:2379,$K8S_MASTER02:2379,$K8S_MASTER03:2379" --cacert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-ca.pem --cert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd.pem --key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-key.pem  endpoint status --write-out=table

结果

+---------------------+------------------+---------+---------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------+
|      ENDPOINT       |        ID        | VERSION | DB SIZE | IS LEADER | IS LEARNER | RAFT TERM | RAFT INDEX | RAFT APPLIED INDEX | ERRORS |
+---------------------+------------------+---------+---------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------+
| 192.168.91.136:2379 | 4b1a15de75e46030 |   3.5.9 |   20 kB |      true |      false |         2 |          9 |                  9 |        |
| 192.168.91.137:2379 | 7396ece7a1371606 |   3.5.9 |   25 kB |     false |      false |         2 |          9 |                  9 |        |
| 192.168.91.138:2379 | bfa20dc0da3b04ab |   3.5.9 |   25 kB |     false |      false |         2 |          9 |                  9 |        |
+---------------------+------------------+---------+---------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------+

五. 高可用配置

1. 在master01和master02和master03服务器上操作

1.1 安装keepalived和haproxy服务

apt -y install keepalived haproxy

1.2 修改haproxy配置文件（配置文件一样）

cp /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg.bak

cat > /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg << EOF
global
 maxconn 2000
 ulimit-n 16384
 log 127.0.0.1 local0 err
 stats timeout 30s

defaults
 log global
 mode http
 option httplog
 timeout connect 5000
 timeout client 50000
 timeout server 50000
 timeout http-request 15s
 timeout http-keep-alive 15s


frontend monitor-in
 bind *:33305
 mode http
 option httplog
 monitor-uri /monitor

frontend k8s-master
 bind 0.0.0.0:8443
 bind 127.0.0.1:8443
 mode tcp
 option tcplog
 tcp-request inspect-delay 5s
 default_backend k8s-master


backend k8s-master
 mode tcp
 option tcplog
 option tcp-check
 balance roundrobin
 default-server inter 10s downinter 5s rise 2 fall 2 slowstart 60s maxconn 250 maxqueue 256 weight 100
 server  k8s-master01  $K8S_MASTER01:6443 check
 server  k8s-master02  $K8S_MASTER02:6443 check
 server  k8s-master03  $K8S_MASTER03:6443 check
EOF

1.3 master01配置keepalived master节点

• 全部master节点操作

注：这里keepalived使用的是非抢占模式：priority id

if [ $LOCALHOST == $K8S_MASTER01 ];then
    export PRIORITY="100"
elif [ $LOCALHOST == $K8S_MASTER02 ];then
    export PRIORITY="80"
elif [ $LOCALHOST == $K8S_MASTER03 ];then
    export PRIORITY="50"
fi

#cp /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.bak

cat > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf << EOF
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
    router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_script chk_apiserver {
    script "/etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh"
    interval 5 
    weight -5
    fall 2
    rise 1
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER  #这里表示master01是主节点
    interface ens160   #注意替换为自己的网卡名称
    mcast_src_ip $LOCALHOST  #注意这里是master01的ip
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority $PRIORITY
    nopreempt
    advert_int 2
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass K8SHA_KA_AUTH
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        $K8S_VIP      #注意这里是虚拟的ip
    }
    track_script {
      chk_apiserver 
 } }

EOF

1.4 健康检查脚本配置

cat >  /etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh << EOF
#!/bin/bash

err=0
for k in \$(seq 1 3)
do
    check_code=\$(pgrep haproxy)
    if [[ \$check_code == "" ]]; then
        err=\$(expr \$err + 1)
        sleep 1
        continue
    else
        err=0
        break
    fi
done

if [[ \$err != "0" ]]; then
    echo "systemctl stop keepalived"
    /usr/bin/systemctl stop keepalived
    exit 1
else
    exit 0
fi
EOF

# 给脚本授权

chmod +x /etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh

1.5 启动服务

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now haproxy
systemctl enable --now keepalived
systemctl restart haproxy.service && netstat -lntup | grep 443

1.6 测试高可用

ping 192.168.91.100
# 关闭主节点，看vip是否漂移到备节点

六. k8s服务配置&启动

1. 创建apiserver

1.1准备目录

所有k8s节点创建以下目录

1.2 master所有节点配置

--service-cluster-ip-range=10.96.0.0/16: Service IP 段

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service << EOF

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-apiserver \\
      --v=2  \\
      --allow-privileged=true  \\
      --bind-address=0.0.0.0  \\
      --secure-port=6443  \\
      --advertise-address=$LOCALHOST \\
      --service-cluster-ip-range=10.96.0.0/16  \\
      --service-node-port-range=30000-32767  \\
      --etcd-servers=https://$K8S_MASTER01:2379,https://$K8S_MASTER02:2379,https://$K8S_MASTER03:2379 \\
      --etcd-cafile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-ca.pem  \\
      --etcd-certfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem  \\
      --etcd-keyfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem  \\
      --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem  \\
      --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.pem  \\
      --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-key.pem  \\
      --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.pem  \\
      --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-key.pem  \\
      --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.pub  \\
      --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.key  \\
      --service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local \\
      --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname  \\
      --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,NodeRestriction,ResourceQuota  \\
      --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC  \\
      --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true  \\
      --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.pem  \\
      --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client.pem  \\
      --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client-key.pem  \\
      --requestheader-allowed-names=aggregator,front-proxy-client  \\
      --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group  \\
      --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra-  \\
      --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User
      # --token-auth-file=/etc/kubernetes/token.csv

Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=10s
LimitNOFILE=65535

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target


EOF

1.3 启动apiserver

• 所有master节点

systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable --now kube-apiserver
#systemctl restart kube-apiserver
systemctl status kube-apiserver
netstat -lntup | grep 6443
#查看日志 journalctl -u kube-apiserver

测试haproxy 8443端口

telnet 192.168.91.100 8443

结果

Trying 192.168.91.100...
Connected to 192.168.91.100.
Escape character is '^]'.

2. 配置kube-controller-manager service

• 所有master节点同样配置

1.2 添加service文件

172.16.0.0/16为pod网段，按需求设置你自己的网段

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service << EOF

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-controller-manager \\
      --v=2 \\
      --bind-address=127.0.0.1 \\
      --root-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem \\
      --cluster-signing-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem \\
      --cluster-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca-key.pem \\
      --service-account-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.key \\
      --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager.kubeconfig \\
      --leader-elect=true \\
      --use-service-account-credentials=true \\
      --node-monitor-grace-period=40s \\
      --node-monitor-period=5s \\
      --controllers=*,bootstrapsigner,tokencleaner \\
      --allocate-node-cidrs=true \\
      --cluster-cidr=172.16.0.0/16 \\
      --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.pem \\
      --node-cidr-mask-size=24

Restart=always
RestartSec=10s

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

1.2 kube-controller-manager启动&查看状态

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now kube-controller-manager
systemctl restart kube-controller-manager
systemctl status kube-controller-manager

3 配置kube-scheduler service

• 所有master节点配置，且配置相同

3.1 配置 scheduler service

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service << EOF

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-scheduler \\
      --v=2 \\
      --bind-address=127.0.0.1 \\
      --leader-elect=true \\
      --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/scheduler.kubeconfig

Restart=always
RestartSec=10s

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

EOF

3.2 启动并查看服务状态

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now kube-scheduler
systemctl status kube-scheduler

七. TLS Bootstrapping配置

1. 在master01上配置

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes     \\
--certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem     \\
--embed-certs=true  \\
--server=https://$K8S_VIP:8443     \\
--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-credentials tls-bootstrap-token-user     \\
--token=c8ad9c.2e4d610cf3e7426e \\
--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-context tls-bootstrap-token-user@kubernetes     \\
--cluster=kubernetes     \\
--user=tls-bootstrap-token-user     \\
--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig

kubectl config use-context tls-bootstrap-token-user@kubernetes     \\
--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig

# token的位置在bootstrap.secret.yaml，如果修改的话到这个文件修改

mkdir -p /root/.kube ; cp /etc/kubernetes/admin.kubeconfig /root/.kube/config
for NODE in k8s-master02 k8s-master03 k8s-node01 k8s-node02;
do
    ssh $NODE  "mkdir -p /root/.kube"
    scp /root/.kube/config $NODE:/root/.kube
done

2. 查看集群状态，没问题的话继续后续操作

kubectl get cs

结果

Warning: v1 ComponentStatus is deprecated in v1.19+
NAME                 STATUS    MESSAGE   ERROR
scheduler            Healthy   ok        
controller-manager   Healthy   ok        
etcd-0               Healthy             
etcd-1               Healthy             
etcd-2               Healthy

cd /root/k8s/bootstrap
kubectl create -f bootstrap.secret.yaml

八. node节点配置

1. 在master01上将证书复制到node节点

cd /etc/kubernetes/

for NODE in k8s-master02 k8s-master03 k8s-node01 k8s-node02; 
do 
    ssh $NODE mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/pki; 
    for FILE in pki/ca.pem pki/ca-key.pem pki/front-proxy-ca.pem bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig; 
    do
        scp /etc/kubernetes/$FILE $NODE:/etc/kubernetes/${FILE}; 
    done; 
done

2. kubelet配置

2.1. kubelet service配置

使用Containerd作为Runtime

• k8s-master01、k8s-node01、k8s-node02操作

# 所有k8s节点配置kubelet service
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service << EOF

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=containerd.service
Requires=containerd.service

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kubelet \\
    --bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig  \\
    --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig \\
    --config=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-conf.yml \\
    --runtime-request-timeout=15m  \\
    --container-runtime-endpoint=unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock  \\
    --cgroup-driver=systemd \\
    --node-labels=node.kubernetes.io/node=
    # --feature-gates=IPv6DualStack=true

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

2.2. 所有k8s节点创建kubelet的配置文件

cat > /etc/kubernetes/kubelet-conf.yml <<EOF
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: KubeletConfiguration
address: 0.0.0.0
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
authentication:
  anonymous:
    enabled: false
  webhook:
    cacheTTL: 2m0s
    enabled: true
  x509:
    clientCAFile: /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem
authorization:
  mode: Webhook
  webhook:
    cacheAuthorizedTTL: 5m0s
    cacheUnauthorizedTTL: 30s
cgroupDriver: systemd
cgroupsPerQOS: true
clusterDNS:
- 10.96.0.10
clusterDomain: cluster.local
containerLogMaxFiles: 5
containerLogMaxSize: 10Mi
contentType: application/vnd.kubernetes.protobuf
cpuCFSQuota: true
cpuManagerPolicy: none
cpuManagerReconcilePeriod: 10s
enableControllerAttachDetach: true
enableDebuggingHandlers: true
enforceNodeAllocatable:
- pods
eventBurst: 10
eventRecordQPS: 5
evictionHard:
  imagefs.available: 15%
  memory.available: 100Mi
  nodefs.available: 10%
  nodefs.inodesFree: 5%
evictionPressureTransitionPeriod: 5m0s
failSwapOn: true
fileCheckFrequency: 20s
hairpinMode: promiscuous-bridge
healthzBindAddress: 127.0.0.1
healthzPort: 10248
httpCheckFrequency: 20s
imageGCHighThresholdPercent: 85
imageGCLowThresholdPercent: 80
imageMinimumGCAge: 2m0s
iptablesDropBit: 15
iptablesMasqueradeBit: 14
kubeAPIBurst: 10
kubeAPIQPS: 5
makeIPTablesUtilChains: true
maxOpenFiles: 1000000
maxPods: 110
nodeStatusUpdateFrequency: 10s
oomScoreAdj: -999
podPidsLimit: -1
registryBurst: 10
registryPullQPS: 5
resolvConf: /etc/resolv.conf
rotateCertificates: true
runtimeRequestTimeout: 2m0s
serializeImagePulls: true
staticPodPath: /etc/kubernetes/manifests
streamingConnectionIdleTimeout: 4h0m0s
syncFrequency: 1m0s
volumeStatsAggPeriod: 1m0s

EOF

2.3 启动&查看kubelet

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now kubelet
#systemctl restart kubelet
systemctl status kubelet.service
# 查看日志
# journalctl -u kubelet -n 150 --no-pager

3. kube-proxy配置

3.1. 所有k8s节点添加kube-proxy的service文件

cat >  /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kube Proxy
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-proxy \\
  --config=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.yaml \\
  --v=2

Restart=always
RestartSec=10s

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

EOF

3.2. 所有k8s节点添加kube-proxy的配置

cat > /etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.yaml << EOF
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
bindAddress: 0.0.0.0
clientConnection:
  acceptContentTypes: ""
  burst: 10
  contentType: application/vnd.kubernetes.protobuf
  kubeconfig: /etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
  qps: 5
clusterCIDR: 172.16.0.0/16
configSyncPeriod: 15m0s
conntrack:
  max: null
  maxPerCore: 32768
  min: 131072
  tcpCloseWaitTimeout: 1h0m0s
  tcpEstablishedTimeout: 24h0m0s
enableProfiling: false
healthzBindAddress: 0.0.0.0:10256
hostnameOverride: ""
iptables:
  masqueradeAll: false
  masqueradeBit: 14
  minSyncPeriod: 0s
  syncPeriod: 30s
ipvs:
  masqueradeAll: true
  minSyncPeriod: 5s
  scheduler: "rr"
  syncPeriod: 30s
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
metricsBindAddress: 127.0.0.1:10249
mode: "ipvs"
nodePortAddresses: null
oomScoreAdj: -999
portRange: ""
udpIdleTimeout: 250ms

EOF

3.3. 启动&查看kube-proxy

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now kube-proxy
#systemctl restart kube-proxy
systemctl status kube-proxy
netstat -lntup | grep 10249
# 查看当前使用是默认是iptables或ipvs
curl localhost:10249/proxyMode

九. 安装Calico

1. 安装Calico

curl -L https://github.com/projectcalico/calico/releases/download/v3.26.1/calicoctl-linux-arm64 -o calicoctl

vim calico.yaml

找到CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR

- name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR
  value: "172.16.0.0/16" #修改为自己的pod网段

kubectl apply -f calico.yaml

kubectl get po -n kube-system

结果

root@k8s-master01:~/Desktop# kubectl get po -n kube-system
NAME                                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS      AGE
calico-kube-controllers-85578c44bf-g258t   1/1     Running   1 (49s ago)   3d17h
calico-node-555nz                          1/1     Running   0             6h21m
calico-node-5q9hf                          1/1     Running   0             6h21m
calico-node-7jk4v                          1/1     Running   0             7h11m
calico-node-fc4zb                          1/1     Running   1 (49s ago)   6h21m
calico-node-n8qqc                          1/1     Running   1 (28s ago)   6h21m

十. k8s-master01安装Metrics Server

下载地址：https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/metrics-server/releases

wget https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/metrics-server/releases/download/v0.6.4/components.yaml

vim components.yaml

# 参数部分
      containers:
      - args:
        - --cert-dir=/tmp
        - --secure-port=4443
        - --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname
        - --kubelet-use-node-status-port
        - --metric-resolution=15s
        - --kubelet-insecure-tls
        - --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.pem
        - --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User
        - --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group
        - --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra-
        image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/metrics-server:v0.6.4
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
# 挂载部分
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /tmp
          name: tmp-dir
        - name: ca-ssl
          mountPath: /etc/kubernetes/pki
      nodeSelector:
        kubernetes.io/os: linux
      priorityClassName: system-cluster-critical
      serviceAccountName: metrics-server
      volumes:
      - emptyDir: {}
        name: tmp-dir
      - name: ca-ssl
        hostPath:
          path: /etc/kubernetes/pki

kubectl apply -f components.yaml

查看节点资源

kubectl top nodes

NAME           CPU(cores)   CPU%   MEMORY(bytes)   MEMORY%   
k8s-master01   104m         5%     2088Mi          54%       
k8s-master02   75m          7%     2031Mi          53%       
k8s-master03   83m          8%     2291Mi          60%       
k8s-node01     36m          3%     1832Mi          48%       
k8s-node02     41m          4%     1732Mi          45% 

十一. k8s-master01安装CoreDNS

1. 下载

下载地址： https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/tree/master/cluster/addons/dns/coredns

wget https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/cluster/addons/dns/coredns/coredns.yaml.sed

mv coredns.yaml.sed coredns.yaml

vim coredns.yaml

coredns.yaml 完整内容如下， 修改4点， 对应文件中：修改1-4.

# Warning: This is a file generated from the base underscore template file: coredns.yaml.base

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
      kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
      addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
  name: system:coredns
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - endpoints
  - services
  - pods
  - namespaces
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - discovery.k8s.io
  resources:
  - endpointslices
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  annotations:
    rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: EnsureExists
  name: system:coredns
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:coredns
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
      addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: EnsureExists
data:
  Corefile: |
    .:53 {
        errors
        health {
            lameduck 5s
        }
        ready
        # kubernetes $DNS_DOMAIN in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa { 修改1
        kubernetes cluster.local in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa {
            pods insecure
            fallthrough in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa
            ttl 30
        }
        prometheus :9153
        forward . /etc/resolv.conf {
            max_concurrent 1000
        }
        cache 30
        loop
        reload
        loadbalance
    }
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
    kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
spec:
  # replicas: not specified here:
  # 1. In order to make Addon Manager do not reconcile this replicas parameter.
  # 2. Default is 1.
  # 3. Will be tuned in real time if DNS horizontal auto-scaling is turned on.
  strategy:
    type: RollingUpdate
    rollingUpdate:
      maxUnavailable: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kube-dns
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kube-dns
    spec:
      securityContext:
        seccompProfile:
          type: RuntimeDefault
      priorityClassName: system-cluster-critical
      serviceAccountName: coredns
      affinity:
        podAntiAffinity:
          preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
          - weight: 100
            podAffinityTerm:
              labelSelector:
                matchExpressions:
                  - key: k8s-app
                    operator: In
                    values: ["kube-dns"]
              topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname
      tolerations:
        - key: "CriticalAddonsOnly"
          operator: "Exists"
      nodeSelector:
        kubernetes.io/os: linux
      containers:
      - name: coredns
        # image: registry.k8s.io/coredns/coredns:v1.10.1 修改2
        image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:v1.10.1
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        resources:
          limits:
            #memory: $DNS_MEMORY_LIMIT   修改3
            memory: 200Mi
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 70Mi
        args: [ "-conf", "/etc/coredns/Corefile" ]
        volumeMounts:
        - name: config-volume
          mountPath: /etc/coredns
          readOnly: true
        ports:
        - containerPort: 53
          name: dns
          protocol: UDP
        - containerPort: 53
          name: dns-tcp
          protocol: TCP
        - containerPort: 9153
          name: metrics
          protocol: TCP
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /health
            port: 8080
            scheme: HTTP
          initialDelaySeconds: 60
          timeoutSeconds: 5
          successThreshold: 1
          failureThreshold: 5
        readinessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /ready
            port: 8181
            scheme: HTTP
        securityContext:
          allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
          capabilities:
            add:
            - NET_BIND_SERVICE
            drop:
            - all
          readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
      dnsPolicy: Default
      volumes:
        - name: config-volume
          configMap:
            name: coredns
            items:
            - key: Corefile
              path: Corefile
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: kube-dns
  namespace: kube-system
  annotations:
    prometheus.io/port: "9153"
    prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
  labels:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
    kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
spec:
  selector:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
  #clusterIP: 10.0.0.10 修改4
  clusterIP: 10.96.0.10 # 改为自己Services网段的第10个IP
  ports:
  - name: dns
    port: 53
    protocol: UDP
  - name: dns-tcp
    port: 53
    protocol: TCP
  - name: metrics
    port: 9153
    protocol: TCP

2. 启动容器

kubectl apply -f coredns.yaml

kubectl get po -A

结果

NAMESPACE     NAME                                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
kube-system   calico-kube-controllers-85578c44bf-g258t   1/1     Running   0          3d14h
kube-system   calico-node-555nz                          1/1     Running   0          3h19m
kube-system   calico-node-5q9hf                          1/1     Running   0          3h19m
kube-system   calico-node-7jk4v                          1/1     Running   0          4h9m
kube-system   calico-node-fc4zb                          1/1     Running   0          3h19m
kube-system   calico-node-n8qqc                          1/1     Running   0          3h19m
kube-system   coredns-6f659bf4cb-8bp5x                   1/1     Running   0          7s
kube-system   metrics-server-79ff9bd764-vd928            1/1     Running   0          22m

十二 k8s-master01安装Dashboard

1. 下载&修改配置

官网地址：https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/web-ui-dashboard/

下载：wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.7.0/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml

修改recommended.yaml

vim recommended.yaml

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

替换为

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
      nodePort: 30001
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

2. 查看

kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml

kubectl get po -n kube-system -l k8s-app=metrics-server

结果

NAME                              READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
metrics-server-79ff9bd764-vd928   1/1     Running   0          63m

3. 创建admin新用户

官方教程： https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard/blob/master/docs/user/access-control/creating-sample-user.md

vim dashboard-adminuser.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: admin-user
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: admin-user-token
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/service-account.name: admin-user
type: kubernetes.io/service-account-token

kubectl apply -f dashboard-adminuser.yaml

获取token， 登陆时使用

kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard describe secret $(kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get secret | grep admin-user | awk '{print $1}')

https://192.168.91.136:30001

dashboard.jpg