使用 wxPython 创建 GUI 程序的三个主要步骤。
（1）导入 wxPython 包。
（2）建立框架类。
（3）建立主程序。

9.1.1 Frame

      Frame 也称为框架或窗体，是所有框架的父类，也是包含标题栏、菜单、按钮等其他控件的容器，运行之后可移动、缩放。

CB5909E60FF8594F716966990162C982.jpg

      wxPython GUI 框架 代码示例：

import wx

class MyFrame(wx.Frame):
    def __init__(self, superior):
        wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent = superior, title = u'My First Form', size = (300, 300))
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_SIZE, self.OnSize)
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_MOVE, self.OnFrameMove)
        #
        panel = wx.Panel(self, -1)
        label1 = wx.StaticText(panel, -1, "FrameSize:")
        label2 = wx.StaticText(panel, -1, "FramePos:")
        label3 = wx.StaticText(panel, label = "MousePos:")
        self.sizeFrame = wx.TextCtrl(panel, -1, "", style = wx.TE_READONLY)
        self.posFrame = wx.TextCtrl(panel, -1, "", style = wx.TE_READONLY)
        self.posMouse = wx.TextCtrl(panel, -1, "", style = wx.TE_READONLY)
        panel.Bind(wx.EVT_MOTION, self.OnMouseMove) # 绑定事件处理函数
        self.panel = panel

        #
        sizer = wx.FlexGridSizer(3, 2, 5, 5)
        sizer.Add(label1)
        sizer.Add(self.sizeFrame)
        sizer.Add(label2)
        sizer.Add(self.posFrame)
        sizer.Add(label3)
        sizer.Add(self.posMouse)

        border = wx.BoxSizer()
        border.Add(sizer, 0, wx.ALL, 15)
        panel.SetSizerAndFit(border)
        self.Fit()

    def OnSize(self, event):
        size = event.GetSize()
        self.sizeFrame.SetValue("%s, %s"%(size.width, size.height))
        #
        event.Skip()

    def OnFrameMove(self, event):
        pos = event.GetPosition()
        self.posFrame.SetValue("%s, %s"%(pos.x, pos.y))

    def OnMouseMove(self, event):
        pos = event.GetPosition()
        self.posMouse.SetValue("%s, %s"%(pos.x, pos.y))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = wx.App()
    frame = MyFrame(None)
    frame.Show(True)
    app.MainLoop()

9.1.2 Button、StaticText、TextCtrl

      按钮绑定事件处理函数方法。

Bind(event, handle, source = None, id1 = -1, id2 = -2)

      静态文本框用来显示文本，不要来响应用户单击或双击事件。
      素数判断的 GUI 程序。

import wx
from math import sqrt

class IsPrimeFrame(wx.Frame):
    def __init__(self, superion):
        wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent = superion, title = 'Check Prime', size = (400, 200))
        panel = wx.Panel(self)
        panel.SetBackgroundColour('Yellow')     # 设置窗体颜色
        wx.StaticText(parent = panel, label = 'Input a integer:', pos = (10, 10))  # 添加静态文本控件
        self.inputN = wx.TextCtrl(parent = panel, pos = (120, 10))  # 添加文本框
        self.result = wx.StaticText(parent = panel, label = '', pos = (10, 50))
        self.buttonCheck = wx.Button(parent = panel, label = 'Check', pos = (70, 90)) # 添加按钮

        # 为按钮绑定事件
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnButtonCheck, self.buttonCheck)
        self.buttonQuit = wx.Button(parent = panel, label = 'Quit', pos = (150, 90))
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnButtonQuit, self.buttonQuit)

    def OnButtonCheck(self, event):
        self.result.SetLabel('')
        try:
            num = int(self.inputN.GetValue())   # 获取输入的数字
        except BaseException as e:
            self.result.SetLabel('not a integer')
            return
        n = int(sqrt(num))
        for i in range(2, n +1):
            if num % i == 0:
                self.result.SetLabel('NO')  # 用静态文本框显示结果
                break
            else:
                self.result.SetLabel('Yes')

    def OnButtonQuit(self, event):
        dig = wx.MessageDialog(self, 'Really Quit?', 'Caution', wx.CANCEL|wx.OK|wx.ICON_QUESTION)
        if dig.ShowModal() == wx.ID_OK:
            self.Destroy()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = wx.App()
    frame = IsPrimeFrame(None)
    frame.Show()
    app.MainLoop()

      运行结果：

捕获.PNG

9.1.3 Menu

      创建普通菜单。

import wx

class Menu(wx.Frame):
    def __init__(self, superion):
        wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent = superion, title = 'wxGUI', size = (640, 480))
        self.panel = wx.Panel(self, -1)
        self.menuBar = wx.MenuBar() # 创建菜单栏
        self.menu = wx.Menu()       # 创建菜单
        self.menuOpen = self.menu.Append(101, 'Open')   # 创建菜单项
        self.menuSave = self.menu.Append(102, 'Save')
        self.menuSaveAs = self.menu.Append(103, 'Save As')
        self.menu.AppendSeparator()
        self.menuClose = self.menu.Append(104, 'Close')
        self.menuBar.Append(self.menu, '&File')     # 将菜单添加至菜单栏
        self.menu = wx.Menu()
        self.menuCopy = self.menu.Append(201, 'Copy')
        self.menuCut = self.menu.Append(202, 'Cut')
        self.menuPaste = self.menu.Append(202, 'Paste')
        self.menuBar.Append(self.menu, '&Edit')

        self.SetMenuBar(self.menuBar)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = wx.App()
    frame = Menu(None)
    frame.Show()
    app.MainLoop()
                              

      创建弹出式菜单。

        self.popupMenu = wx.Menu()
        self.popupCopy = self.popupMenu.Append(901, 'Copy')
        self.popupCut = self.popupMenu.Append(902, 'Cut')
        self.popupPaste = self.popupMenu.Append(903, 'Paste')
        self.panel.Bind(wx.EVT_RIGHT_DOWN, self.OnRClick)

      编写右键单击处理函数。

    def OnRClick(self, event):
        pos = (event.GetX(), event.GetY())
        self.panel.PopupMenu(self.popupMenu, pos)

      为菜单项绑定单击处理函数。

wx.EVT_MENU(self, 104, self.OnClose)

    def OnClose(self, event):
        self.statusBar.SetStatusText('You clicked the menu')

9.1.4 ToolBar、StatusBar

（1）创建工具栏。

self.toolbar = self.frame.CreateToolBar()

      在工具栏添加工具。

self.toolbar.AddSimpleTool()

      下面的代码使工具栏生效。

self.toolbar.Realize()

      最后绑定事件处理函数。

wx.EVT_TOOL(self, 999, self.OnOpen)

（2）创建状态栏。

self.statusBar = self.frame.CreateStatusBar()

      可以在状态栏显示状态或文本以提示用户。

self.statusBar.SetStatusText('You clicked the Open menu.')

9.1.5 对话框

      wxPython 提供了一整套预定义的对话框，常用的有：
（1）MessageBox。
（2）GetTextFromUser---接收用户输入的文本。
（3）GetPasswordFromUser---接收用户输入的密码。
（4）GetNumberFromUser。
（5）FileDialog---文件对话框。
（6）FontDialog---字体对话框。
（7）ColourDialog---颜色对话框。
      演示交互模式下颜色对话框。

>>> import wx
>>> app = wx.App()
>>> dlg = wx.ColourDialog(None)
>>> dlg.ShowModal()
5101
>>> c = dlg.GetColourData()
>>> c
<wx._core.ColourData object at 0x03B603D0>
>>> c.Colour
wx.Colour(0, 0, 0, 255)

9.1.6 RadioButton、CheckBox

      单选框和复选框的用法。

import wx

class wxGUI(wx.App):
    def OnInit(self):
        self.frame = wx.Frame(parent = None, title = 'wxGUI', size = (300, 280))
        self.panel = wx.Panel(self.frame, -1)

        self.radioButtonSexM = wx.RadioButton(self.panel, -1, 'Male', pos = (80, 60))
        self.radioButtonSexF = wx.RadioButton(self.panel, -1, 'Female', pos = (80, 80))
        self.checkBoxAdmin = wx.CheckBox(self.panel, -1, 'Aministrator', pos = (150, 80))

        self.label1 = wx.StaticText(self.panel, -1, 'UserName:', pos = (0, 110), style = wx.ALIGN_RIGHT)
        self.label2 = wx.StaticText(self.panel, -1, 'UserName:', pos = (0, 130), style = wx.ALIGN_RIGHT)

        self.textName = wx.TextCtrl(self.panel, -1, pos = (70, 110), size = (160, 20))
        self.textPwd = wx.TextCtrl(self.panel, -1, pos = (70, 130), size = (160, 20), style = wx.TE_PASSWORD)

        self.buttonOK = wx.Button(self.panel, -1, 'OK', pos = (30, 160))
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnButtonOK, self.buttonOK)
        self.buttonCancel = wx.Button(self.panel, -1, 'Cancel', pos = (120, 160))
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnButtonCancel, self.buttonCancel)
        self.buttonOK.SetDefault()

        self.frame.Show()
        return True

    def OnButtonOK(self, event):
        finalStr = ''
        if self.radioButtonSexM.GetValue() == True:
            finalStr += 'Sex:Male\n'
        elif self.radioButtonSexF.GetValue() == True:
            finalStr += 'Sex:Female\n'
        if self.checkBoxAdmin.GetValue() == True:
            finalStr += 'Administrator\n'
        if self.textName.GetValue() == 'dfg' and self.textPwd.GetValue() == '88888888':
            finalStr += 'user name and password are correct.\n'
        else:
            finalStr += 'user name or password is incorrect.\n'
        wx.MessageBox(finalStr)

    def OnButtonCancel(self, event):
        self.radioButtonSexM.SetValue(True)     # 设置为选中状态
        self.radioButtonSexF.SetValue(False)    # 设置为未选中状态
        self.checkBoxAdmin.SetValue(True)
        self.textName.SetValue('')
        self.textPwd.SetValue('')

app = wxGUI()
app.MainLoop()

      运行结果：

捕获.PNG

9.1.7 ComBoBox

      复选框可以使用 wx.EVT_COMBOBOX() 为组合绑定事件处理函数。

import wx

class ComboBox(wx.App):
    def OnInit(self):
        self.frame = wx.Frame(parent = None, title = 'wxGUI', size = (300, 200))
        self.panel = wx.Panel(self.frame, -1)
        self.names = {'First Class':['Zhang San', 'Li Si', 'Wang Wu'], 'Second Class':['Zhao liu', 'Zhou Qi']}

        # ComboBox1
        self.comboBox1 = wx.ComboBox(self.panel, value = 'Click here', choices = list(self.names.keys()),\
                                     pos = (0, 50), size = (100, 30))
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_COMBOBOX, self.OnCombo1, self.comboBox1)

        # ComboBox2
        self.comboBox2 = wx.ComboBox(self.panel, value = 'Click here', choices = [],\
                                     pos = (0, 100), size = (100, 30))
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_COMBOBOX, self.OnCombo2, self.comboBox2)

        self.frame.Show()
        return True

    def OnCombo1(self, event):
        banji = self.comboBox1.GetValue()
        self.comboBox2.Set(self.names[banji])

    def OnCombo2(self, event):
        wx.MessageBox(self.comboBox2.GetValue())

app = ComboBox()
app.MainLoop()

      运行结果：

捕获.PNG

9.1.8 ListBox

      列表框用来放置多个元素提供用户进行选择，每个元素都是字符串，支持单选和多选。

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49C6EE39938CC784A0805292AE1022B1.jpg

      列表框应用：

import wx

class ListBoxDemo(wx.Frame):
    def __init__(self, superion):
        wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent = superion, title = 'ListBox demo', size = (200, 200))
        panel = wx.Panel(self)
        self.buttonQuit = wx.Button(parent = panel, label = 'Quit', pos = (60, 120))
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnButtonQuit, self.buttonQuit)
        li = ['Sunday', 'Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday', 'Saturday']
        self.listBox = wx.ListBox(panel, choices = li) # 创建列表框
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_LISTBOX, self.OnClick, self.listBox) # 绑定事件处理函数


    def OnClick(self, event):
        #
        s = self.listBox.GetStringSelection()
        wx.MessageBox(s)

    def OnButtonQuit(self, event):
        dig = wx.MessageDialog(self, 'Really Quit?', 'Caution', wx.CANCEL|wx.OK|wx.ICON_QUESTION)
        if dig.ShowModal() == wx.ID_OK:
            self.Destroy()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = wx.App()
    frame = ListBoxDemo(None)
    frame.Show()
    app.MainLoop()

      运行结果：

捕获.PNG

9.1.9 TreeCtrl

      树形控件用来显示有严格层次关系的数据，非常清晰地表示各元素之间的从属关系。

D38EE8551E354AFE9A86E8D916A91D3F.jpg

6909886953338B416988AE95F6D43C8F.jpg

      树形控件应用：

import wx

class TreeCtrlFrame(wx.Frame):
    def __init__(self, superion):
        wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent = superion, title = 'TreeCtrl demo', size = (300, 400))
        panel = wx.Panel(self)
        self.tree = wx.TreeCtrl(parent = panel, pos = (5, 5), size = (120, 200))
        self.inputString = wx.TextCtrl(parent = panel, pos = (150, 10))
        self.buttonAddChild = wx.Button(parent = panel, label = 'AddChild', pos = (150, 90))
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnButtonAddChild, self.buttonAddChild)
        self.buttonDeleteNode = wx.Button(parent = panel, label = 'DeleteNode', pos = (150, 120))
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnButtonDeleteNode, self.buttonDeleteNode)
        self.buttonAddRoot = wx.Button(parent = panel, label = 'AddRoot', pos = (150, 150))
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnButtonAddRoot, self.buttonAddRoot)

    def OnButtonAddChild(self, event):
        itemSelected = self.tree.GetSelection()
        if not itemSelected:
            wx.MessageBox('Select a Node first!')
            return
        itemString = self.inputString.GetValue()
        self.tree.AppendItem(itemSelected, itemString)

    def OnButtonDeleteNode(self, event):
        itemSelected = self.tree.GetSelection()
        if not itemSelected:
            wx.MessageBox('Select a Node first!')
            return
        self.tree.Delete(itemSelected)

    def OnButtonAddRoot(self, event):
        rootItem = self.tree.GetRootItem()
        if rootItem:
            wx.MessageBox('The tree has already a root.')
        else:
            itemString = self.inputString.GetValue()
            self.tree.AddRoot(itemString)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = wx.App()
    frame = TreeCtrlFrame(None)
    frame.Show()
    app.MainLoop()

      运行结果：

捕获.PNG