文章摘要
1、运行init,创建
2、执行创建
3、运行应用程序
一、运行init任务
要运行该init任务,请从命令提示符运行以下命令:
$ gradle init --type <name>
name来自如下:
java-application
java-library
scala-library
groovy-library
basic
在本例子中,使用java-application。
但首先需要先创建一个目录:
$ mkdir java-demo
$ cd java-demo
2、运行Init任务
$ gradle init --type java-application
Starting a Gradle Daemon (subsequent builds will be faster)
:wrapper
:init
BUILD SUCCESSFUL
该init任务运行的wrapper任务首先,其产生gradlew和gradlew.bat包装脚本。然后它创建具有以下结构的新项目:
查看工程生成文件:
.
├── build.gradle
├── gradle
│ └── wrapper
│ ├── gradle-wrapper.jar
│ └── gradle-wrapper.properties
├── gradlew
├── gradlew.bat
├── settings.gradle
└── src
├── main
│ └── java
│ └── App.java
└── test
└── java
└── AppTest.java
7 directories, 8 files
3、查看配置生成的文件
settings.gradle,其中就一行:
rootProject.name = 'java-demo'
这将分配根项目的名称java-demo,这是默认值。
IFEI:java-demo ifei$ cat build.gradle
/*
* This build file was generated by the Gradle 'init' task.
*
* This generated file contains a sample Java project to get you started.
* For more details take a look at the Java Quickstart chapter in the Gradle
* user guide available at https://docs.gradle.org/4.0.1/userguide/tutorial_java_projects.html
*/
// Apply the java plugin to add support for Java
apply plugin: 'java'
// Apply the application plugin to add support for building an application
apply plugin: 'application'
// In this section you declare where to find the dependencies of your project
repositories {
// Use jcenter for resolving your dependencies.
// You can declare any Maven/Ivy/file repository here.
jcenter()
}
dependencies {
// This dependency is found on compile classpath of this component and consumers.
compile 'com.google.guava:guava:21.0'
// Use JUnit test framework
testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'
}
// Define the main class for the application
mainClassName = 'App'
构建文件添加java和application插件。前者支持Java项目。后者允许您将一个类指定为具有main方法,该方法可以由命令行中的构建执行。在演示中,main类的名称是App。
该文件src/main/java/App.java显示在此处:
示例2.生成的App.java类
IFEI:java-demo ifei$ cat src/main/java/App.java
/*
* This Java source file was generated by the Gradle 'init' task.
*/
public class App {
public String getGreeting() {
return "Hello world.";
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(new App().getGreeting());
}
}
测试类,src/test/java/AppTest.java如下所示:
示例3. JUnit测试,AppTest:
IFEI:java-demo ifei$ cat src/test/java/AppTest.java
/*
* This Java source file was generated by the Gradle 'init' task.
*/
import org.junit.Test;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
public class AppTest {
@Test public void testAppHasAGreeting() {
App classUnderTest = new App();
assertNotNull("app should have a greeting", classUnderTest.getGreeting());
}
}
生成的测试类有一个使用JUnit @Test注释注释的测试。该测试实例化App该类,调用该getGreeting方法,并检查返回的值不为null。
4、执行构建
要构建项目,请运行build命令。您可以使用常规gradle命令,但是当项目包含一个包装器脚本时,它被认为是使用它的好形式。
$ ./gradlew build
:compileJava
// Download of Guava if not already cached...
:processResources UP-TO-DATE
:classes
:jar
:startScripts
:distTar
:distZip
:assemble
:compileTestJava
// Download of JUnit if not already cached...
:processTestResources UP-TO-DATE
:testClasses
:test
:check
:build
BUILD SUCCESSFUL
第一次运行包装器脚本时gradlew,可能会有一个延迟,而该版本gradle被下载并存储在您的~/.gradle/wrapper/dists文件夹中。
第一次运行构建时,Gradle会检查您的缓存中是否已经有Guava和JUnit库~/.gradle。如果没有,库将被下载并存储在那里。下次运行构建时,将使用缓存的版本。该build任务编译的类,运行测试,并生成测试报告。
您可以通过打开位于的HTML输出文件来查看测试报告build/reports/tests/test/index.html。
示例报告如下所示:
5、运行应用程序
因为Gradle构建使用了Application plugin,所以可以从命令行运行应用程序。首先,使用tasks任务来看看插件添加了哪些任务。
$ ./gradlew tasks
:tasks
------------------------------------------------------------
All tasks runnable from root project
------------------------------------------------------------
Application tasks
-----------------
run - Runs this project as a JVM application
// ... many other tasks ...
该run任务告诉Gradle main在分配给该mainClassName属性的类中执行该:
$ ./gradlew run
:compileJava UP-TO-DATE
:processResources UP-TO-DATE
:classes UP-TO-DATE
:run
Hello world.
BUILD SUCCESSFUL