与列表(list)的行为类似，区别在于set不能包含重复的值。
检查列表中是否包含重复的元素
# 使用for循环
some_list = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'b', 'd', 'm', 'n', 'n']
duplicates = []
for value in some_list:
if some_list.count(value) > 1:
if value not in duplicates:
duplicates.append(value)
print(duplicates)
### 输出: ['b', 'n']
# 使用集合(sets)
some_list = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'b', 'd', 'm', 'n', 'n']
duplicates = set([x for x in some_list if some_list.count(x) > 1])
print(duplicates)
### 输出: set(['b', 'n'])
交集
valid = set(['yellow', 'red', 'blue', 'green', 'black'])
input_set = set(['red', 'brown'])
print(input_set.intersection(valid))
### 输出: set(['red'])
差集
valid = set(['yellow', 'red', 'blue', 'green', 'black'])
input_set = set(['red', 'brown'])
print(input_set.difference(valid))
### 输出: set(['brown'])
# 用{}符号来创建集合
a_set = {'red', 'blue', 'green'}
print(type(a_set))
### 输出: <type 'set'>
