RPC,全称为Remote Procedure Call,即远程过程调用,它是一个计算机通信协议。它允许像调用本地服务一样调用远程服务。它可以有不同的实现方式。如RMI(远程方法调用)、Hessian、Http invoker等。另外,RPC是与语言无关的。
来张图:
如上图所示,假设Computer1在调用sayHi()方法,对于Computer1而言调用sayHi()方法就像调用本地方法一样,调用 –>返回。但从后续调用可以看出Computer1调用的是Computer2中的sayHi()方法,RPC屏蔽了底层的实现细节,让调用者无需关注网络通信,数据传输等细节。
好了,直接上代码:git地址 https://github.com/JeffySnail/simple-rpc
- api 定义了业务接口
- client 定义了客户的端的测试代码 maven依赖 rpc-frame和api
- rpc-frame 定义实现rpc的框架代码
- server 实现业务api定义的接口 maven依赖 rpc-frame和api
API 代码:
package com.ibort.api;
/**
* @author jeffy
* @date 2018-06-16
*/
public interface HelloService {
/**
* 定义一个API
* @param name
* @return
*/
String sayHi(String name);
}
client 代码测试类
package com.ibort.client.main;
import com.ibort.api.HelloService;
import com.ibort.frame.server.RPCClient;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
/**
* @author jeffy
* @date 2018/6/16
**/
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
HelloService service = RPCClient.getRemoteProxyObj(HelloService.class, new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8088));
System.out.println("客户端调用接口,返回结果为:" + service.sayHi("test"));
}
}
rpc-frame 实现内部框架封装总共三个类
- RPCClient供客户端调用使用
- Server 定义服务端方法
- ServerCenter 实现Server类
package com.ibort.frame.server;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
/**
* @author jeffy
* @date 2018/6/16
**/
public class RPCClient<T> {
public static <T> T getRemoteProxyObj(final Class<?> serviceInterface, final InetSocketAddress addr) {
return (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(serviceInterface.getClassLoader(), new Class<?>[]{serviceInterface}, new InvocationHandlerImp(addr, serviceInterface));
}
private static class InvocationHandlerImp implements InvocationHandler {
private final InetSocketAddress addr;
private Class<?> serviceInterface;
public InvocationHandlerImp(InetSocketAddress addr, Class<?> serviceInterface) {
this.addr = addr;
this.serviceInterface = serviceInterface;
}
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
Socket socket = null;
ObjectOutputStream output = null;
ObjectInputStream input = null;
try {
// 2.创建Socket客户端,根据指定地址连接远程服务提供者
socket = new Socket();
socket.connect(addr);
// 3.将远程服务调用所需的接口类、方法名、参数列表等编码后发送给服务提供者
output = new ObjectOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
output.writeUTF(serviceInterface.getName());
output.writeUTF(method.getName());
output.writeObject(method.getParameterTypes());
output.writeObject(args);
// 4.同步阻塞等待服务器返回应答,获取应答后返回
input = new ObjectInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
return input.readObject();
} finally {
if (socket != null) socket.close();
if (output != null) output.close();
if (input != null) input.close();
}
}
}
}
package com.ibort.frame.server;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* @author jeffy
*/
public interface Server {
/**
* 停止
*/
void stop();
/**
* 启动
*
* @throws IOException
*/
void start() throws IOException;
/**
* 注册服务
*
* @param serviceInterface
* @param impl
*/
void register(Class serviceInterface, Class impl);
/**
* 判断是否在运行
*
* @return
*/
boolean isRunning();
/**
* 获取端口号
*
* @return
*/
int getPort();
}
package com.ibort.frame.server;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
/**
* @author jeffy
* @date 2018/6/15
**/
public class ServerCenter implements Server {
private static final ExecutorService EXECUTOR_SERVICE = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors());
private static final HashMap<String, Class> serviceRegistry = new HashMap<String, Class>();
private static boolean isRunning = false;
private int port;
public ServerCenter(int port) {
this.port = port;
}
public void stop() {
isRunning = false;
EXECUTOR_SERVICE.shutdown();
}
public void start() throws IOException {
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket();
serverSocket.bind(new InetSocketAddress(port));
try {
while (true) {
// 1.监听客户端的TCP连接,接到TCP连接后将其封装成task,由线程池执行
EXECUTOR_SERVICE.execute(new ServiceTask(serverSocket.accept()));
}
} finally {
serverSocket.close();
}
}
public void register(Class serviceInterface, Class impl) {
serviceRegistry.put(serviceInterface.getName(), impl);
}
public boolean isRunning() {
return isRunning;
}
public int getPort() {
return this.port;
}
private class ServiceTask implements Runnable {
Socket client = null;
public ServiceTask(Socket client) {
this.client = client;
}
public void run() {
ObjectInputStream input = null;
ObjectOutputStream output = null;
try {
input = new ObjectInputStream(client.getInputStream());
String serviceName = input.readUTF();
String methodName = input.readUTF();
Class<?>[] parameterTypes = (Class<?>[]) input.readObject();
Object[] arguments = (Object[]) input.readObject();
Class serviceClass = serviceRegistry.get(serviceName);
if (serviceClass == null) {
throw new ClassNotFoundException(serviceName + " not found");
}
Method method = serviceClass.getMethod(methodName, parameterTypes);
Object result = method.invoke(serviceClass.newInstance(), arguments);
output = new ObjectOutputStream(client.getOutputStream());
output.writeObject(result);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (output != null) {
try {
output.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (input != null) {
try {
input.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (client != null) {
try {
client.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
}
server 模块包含两个类
- HelloServiceImpl api的实现
- Main 服务端启动类
package com.ibort.service;
import com.ibort.api.HelloService;
/**
* @author jeffy
* @date 2018/6/15
**/
public class HelloServiceImpl implements HelloService {
/**
* 实现api定义的接口
* @param name
* @return
*/
public String sayHi(String name) {
System.out.println("收到客户端请求,参数为: " + name);
return "Hi, " + name;
}
}
package com.ibort.main;
import com.ibort.api.HelloService;
import com.ibort.frame.server.Server;
import com.ibort.frame.server.ServerCenter;
import com.ibort.service.HelloServiceImpl;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* @author jeffy
* @date 2018/6/17
**/
public class Main {
/**
* start server
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
Server serviceServer = new ServerCenter(8088);
serviceServer.register(HelloService.class, HelloServiceImpl.class);
try {
System.err.println("server start");
serviceServer.start();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
启动顺序
- 启动server模块中的main方法,控制台看到server start
server start……
- 启动客户端测试类,控制台输出
客户端调用接口,返回结果为:Hi, test
同时,在服务端看到控制台输出:
收到客户端请求,参数为: test
至此,代码调试成功
这篇文章主要是对rpc原理的实现介绍,如果要实现一个rpc框架还有很多需要优化和考量的。这里实现的简单RPC框架是使用Java语言开发,与Java语言高度耦合,并且通信方式采用的Socket是基于BIO实现的,IO效率不高,还有Java原生的序列化机制占内存太多,运行效率也不高。可以考虑从下面几种方法改进。
- 可以采用基于JSON数据传输的RPC框架;
- 可以使用NIO或直接使用Netty替代BIO实现;
- 使用开源的序列化机制,如Hadoop Avro与Google protobuf等;
- 服务注册可以使用Zookeeper进行管理,能够让应用更加稳定。
目前主要流行的rpc款框架有阿里的dubbo 美团点评的pigeon,还有thrift等。
后边的文章会对pigeon进行源码解析。