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A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.
一项新的研究表明，与大多数调查相反，人们实际上在家里比在工作中更有压力。 研究人员测量了人们在工作和在家时的皮质醇水平，发现皮质醇水平在本应是避难所的地方更高。
“Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home”,writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damske. In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes. “It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work.” Another surprise is that findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.
研究人员之一萨拉•达姆斯克写道: “我们发现，女性和男性在工作中的压力水平低于在家中的压力，这与传统观点进一步矛盾。”。 事实上，女性甚至说她们在工作中感觉更好，她指出。 “比起工作，在家里更快乐的是男性，而不是女性。” 另一个令人惊讶的发现是，研究结果对有孩子和没有孩子的人都适用，但对非父母的人更适用。 这就是为什么在外工作的人有更好的健康。
What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.
这项研究没有衡量的是人们在家的时候是否还在工作，是家务还是从办公室带回家的工作。 对于许多男人来说，工作结束的时候是放松的时候。 对于那些呆在家里的女性来说，她们从来没有离开过办公室。 对于那些在外工作的女性来说，她们经常是在做家务。 随着角色的模糊，以及在为职业女性做调整方面家庭领导远远落后于工作场所这一事实，女性在家庭中承受更大的压力也就不足为奇了。
But it’s not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what they’re supposed to be doing: working, making money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.
但这不仅仅是性别的问题。 在工作中，人们几乎知道他们应该做什么: 工作，赚钱，做他们必须做的任务，以获得收入。 交易非常纯粹: 员工投入小时的体力或脑力劳动，员工取出维持生命的钱。
On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues—your family—have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they’re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they’re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.
然而，在国内，人们却没有这样的明确性。 很少有家庭的劳动分工如此临床化和有条不紊。 有很多任务要完成，但大多数都没有足够的回报。 你的家庭同事ーー你的家人ーー对他们的劳动没有明确的奖励; 他们需要被说服，或者如果他们是青少年，就会受到完全取消所有电子设备的威胁。 而且，他们是你的家人。 你不能解雇你的家人。 你从来没有真正地从家里回家。
So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.
所以，人们在家里压力更大也就不足为奇了。 不仅任务显然是无限的，同事们也更难被激励。
\21. According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home ________.
- 根据第1段，大多数以前的调查发现，家庭。
[A] was an unrealistic place for relaxation [B] generated more stress than the workplace
[ a ]是一个不切实际的放松场所[ b ]比工作场所产生更多的压力
[C] was an ideal place for stress measurement [D] offered greater relaxation than the workplace
[ c ]是测量压力的理想场所[ d ]比工作场所提供更大的放松
\22. According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home?
- 根据 Damaske 的研究，谁在家里最快乐？
[A] Working mothers. [B] Childless husbands.
A. 职业母亲 b. 没有子女的丈夫。
[C] Childless wives. [D] Working fathers.
C. 无子女的妻子 d. 有工作的父亲。
\23. The blurring of working women's roles refers to the fact that ________.
- 职业女性角色的模糊是因为。
[A] they are both bread winners and housewives
[ a ]她们既是养家糊口的人，又是家庭主妇
[B] their home is also a place for kicking back
他们的家也是一个休闲的地方
[C] there is often much housework left behind
C. 常常留下许多家务活
[D] it is difficult for them to leave their office
[ d ]他们很难离开办公室
\24. The word “moola”(Line 4, Para. 4) most probably means ________.
- “ moola”这个词(第4行，para. 4)很可能是指。
[A] energy [B] skills [C] earnings [D] nutrition
能量技能收入营养
\25. The home front differs from the workplace in that ________.
- 家庭前线与工作场所的不同之处在于。
[A] home is hardly a cozier working environment
家里的工作环境很不舒适
[B] division of labor at home is seldom clearcut
国内的劳动分工很少明确
[C] household tasks are generally more motivating
C. 家务通常更能激发人的积极性
[D] family labor is often adequately rewarded
D. 家庭劳动往往得到足够的报酬
