1. pros and cons
来源
Understanding the structure of business taxation is critical for evaluating the pros and cons of these policy initiatives. ——Chen et al.，2021AER
释义
“the pros and cons” 是一个非常地道、常用的英语表达，意思是：优点和缺点，或 利与弊。——GPT
例句
We need to weigh the pros and cons before making a decision.
我们需要权衡利弊再做决定。
What are the pros and cons of working remotely?
远程办公有哪些优点和缺点？
Every job has its pros and cons.
每份工作都有它的好处和坏处。
造句
Before making an investment decision, I usually carefully consider it's pros and cons.
I always weigh the pros and cons before making any investment decisions.
2.initiatives
来源
同上句
释义
一个新提出或正在推动的政策、计划或措施。通常与policy搭配
例句
The city introduced a green initiative to reduce carbon emissions.
造句
- This initiative issued by SEC is intend to encourages listed firms to engage in ESG disclosure.
- Polished by GPT: This initiative by the SEC is aimed at encouraging listed firms to engage in ESG disclosure.
3.fiscal incentives
来源
In addition, policy makers in China also provide fiscal incentives for a broad range of firm activities.——出处同上
释义
In your sentence, "fiscal" describes government-driven financial support tools, and "fiscal incentives" are methods the government uses — through money or tax policy — to encourage firms to behave in certain ways (e.g. innovate, expand, invest, hire).
简单地说，等同于financial benefits。
造句
- The government has issued a set of fiscal incentive that is intend to stimulate techenical improvement in artifitial inteligence.
- Polished by GPT: The government has issued a set of fisical incentives intended to stimulate technological advancement in artificial intelligence.
4.forestall
出处
First, the fact that the data are used by Chinese tax authorities to audit companies helps forestall concerns over data quality.——同上
释义
预先组织、提前防止
fore为前缀，意为在……之前，表示时间上的预先
stall的意思是阻碍、拖延（有点像stop）
拖延（e.g. The speaker stalled to think of a better answer.）
熄火（e.g. The car stalled in the middle of the road.）
back to the original sentence，there is a simplified rephrasing for it:
- “Because Chinese tax authorities rely on the data to audit companies, it helps prevent doubts about the data’s quality.”
5.forestry
词根forest
词缀-ry，表示某种“学科、行业、行为或场所”
6.dispersion
出处
Our unique data allow us to document new patterns of dispersion in actual taxes and subsidies.
释义
分散
例句
A low dispersion means the data points are close to the mean.离散程度越低，表示数据集中在平均值附近。
There was a wide dispersion in income levels across regions.
Asset returns often exhibit significant dispersion during volatile markets.
造句
- The GDP growth rate across the country's cities exhibit significant disperiton.
- Polished by GPT: GDP growth rates across the country's cities exihibit significant dispertion.
