Inventory
Inventory valuation method
- Under IFRS
- Specific identification
- First-in, first-out (FIFO)
- Weighted average cost
- U.S.GAAP
- 可以使用LIFO,也可以使用FIFO
- 美国税务局规定,使用了LIFO,必须提供FIFO
- 超过55%的美国公司使用LIFO(可以少缴税),所以分析师需要量化调整为FIFO
Inventory accounting
Capitalized资本化
主要是生产完成前的费用Expensed费用化
- Abnormal waste;
- 完成后的仓储;
- SG&A
Periodic Vs Perpetual inventory system
- same Result for FIFO & Specific identification method
- Different results for LIFO & AVCO
Inventory valuation
U.S.GAAP | IFRS |
---|---|
(cost,Market], RC属于[NRV-N.P.M, NRV] | (cost, NRV] |
Cannot be reversed | Can be reversed |
LIFO to FIFO Conversion
- LIFO reserve数字在foot notes注明
- INV fifo = INV lifo + LIFO reserve
- COGS fifo = COGS lifo - delta lifo reserver
- B/S
- Asset: + LIFO reserver
- Equity: 最后一年税率发生变化,就是LIFO(n-1) * (1-t past) + delta LIFO * (1 - t current)
- Reduction in cash: -LIFO(n-1)* t past - delta LIFO reserve * t current
- I/S
+NI+delta LIFO reserve * (1-t current)
LIFO liquidation
现象:价格上升;存货数量下降。
- COGS没有反应当前成本;
- LIFO reserve可能下降;
- 分析师应根据LIFO reserve下降值调整COGS