Geth 命令

命令详情及翻译

  • geth 就是go-ethereum的命令行接口

  • 使用形式: geth [options] command [command options] [arguments...]

  • 当前版本: 1.7.2-stable-1db4ecdc

  • 命令参数（command）

    // 管理账户
account     Manage accounts
// 启动交互式JavaScript环境（连接到节点）
attach      Start an interactive JavaScript environment (connect to node)
// 打开浏览器并进入提交问题界面
bug         opens a window to report a bug on the geth repo
// 启动交互式JavaScript环境
console     Start an interactive JavaScript environment
// 从目标数据链文件夹创建一个本地链
copydb      Create a local chain from a target chaindata folder
// 从存储转储一个特定的块
dump        Dump a specific block from storage
// 显示配置的值
dumpconfig  Show configuration values
// 导出区块链到文件
export      Export blockchain into file
// 导入一个区块链文件
import      Import a blockchain file
// 引导和初始化一个新的起源块
init        Bootstrap and initialize a new genesis block
// 执行指定的js文件
js          Execute the specified JavaScript files
// 显示许可证信息
license     Display license information
// 产生ethash验证缓存（测试）
makecache   Generate ethash verification cache (for testing)
// ethash挖掘生成DAG（测试）
makedag     Generate ethash mining DAG (for testing)
// 
monitor     Monitor and visualize node metrics
// 移除区块链和状态数据库
removedb    Remove blockchain and state databases
// 打印版本
version     Print version numbers
// 管理以太坊钱包
wallet      Manage Ethereum presale wallets
// 帮助信息
help, h     Shows a list of commands or help for one command

  • 可选参数

    • ETHEREUM OPTIONS 
      // TOML的配置文件
--config value                           TOML configuration file
// "/Users/zsk/Library/Ethereum" 就是创建Ethereum文件夹和在其下创建数据库和密钥存储库的相应文件和 也可以是其他任何你想放置的位置以及文件以及文件名
--datadir "/Users/zsk/Library/Ethereum"  Data directory for the databases and keystore
// 密钥文件文件（默认在datadir文件夹下）
--keystore                               Directory for the keystore (default = inside the datadir)
--nousb                                  Disables monitoring for and managing USB hardware wallets
// 网络标识符，长整型，默认是1
--networkid value                        Network identifier (integer, 1=Frontier, 2=Morden (disused), 3=Ropsten, 4=Rinkeby) (default: 1)
// Ropsten网络：预配置工作证明的测试网络
--testnet                                Ropsten network: pre-configured proof-of-work test network
// Rinkeby网络: 预配置权威证明的测试网络
--rinkeby                                Rinkeby network: pre-configured proof-of-authority test network
 // 开发者模式(预先配置的带有多个调试标志的专用网络)
--dev                                    Developer mode: pre-configured private network with several debugging flags
// 区块链同步模式：fast,full,light
--syncmode "fast"                        Blockchain sync mode ("fast", "full", or "light")
// 报告ethstats服务器的url，例如：(nodename:secret@host:port)
--ethstats value                         Reporting URL of a ethstats service (nodename:secret@host:port)
// 自定义节点名字
--identity value                         Custom node name
--lightserv value                        Maximum percentage of time allowed for serving LES requests (0-90) (default: 0)
// LES客户端最大可以用的节点（默认是20）
--lightpeers value                       Maximum number of LES client peers (default: 20)
--lightkdf                               Reduce key-derivation RAM & CPU usage at some expense of KDF strength
    • ETHASH OPTIONS 
      --ethash.cachedir                     Directory to store the ethash verification caches (default = inside the datadir)
--ethash.cachesinmem value            Number of recent ethash caches to keep in memory (16MB each) (default: 2)
--ethash.cachesondisk value           Number of recent ethash caches to keep on disk (16MB each) (default: 3)
--ethash.dagdir "/Users/zsk/.ethash"  Directory to store the ethash mining DAGs (default = inside home folder)
--ethash.dagsinmem value              Number of recent ethash mining DAGs to keep in memory (1+GB each) (default: 1)
--ethash.dagsondisk value             Number of recent ethash mining DAGs to keep on disk (1+GB each) (default: 2)
    • TRANSACTION POOL OPTIONS 
      --txpool.nolocals            Disables price exemptions for locally submitted transactions
--txpool.journal value       Disk journal for local transaction to survive node restarts (default: "transactions.rlp")
--txpool.rejournal value     Time interval to regenerate the local transaction journal (default: 1h0m0s)
--txpool.pricelimit value    Minimum gas price limit to enforce for acceptance into the pool (default: 1)
--txpool.pricebump value     Price bump percentage to replace an already existing transaction (default: 10)
--txpool.accountslots value  Minimum number of executable transaction slots guaranteed per account (default: 16)
--txpool.globalslots value   Maximum number of executable transaction slots for all accounts (default: 4096)
--txpool.accountqueue value  Maximum number of non-executable transaction slots permitted per account (default: 64)
--txpool.globalqueue value   Maximum number of non-executable transaction slots for all accounts (default: 1024)
--txpool.lifetime value      Maximum amount of time non-executable transaction are queued (default: 3h0m0s)
    • PERFORMANCE TUNING OPTIONS 
      --cache value            Megabytes of memory allocated to internal caching (min 16MB / database forced) (default: 128)
--trie-cache-gens value  Number of trie node generations to keep in memory (default: 120)
    • ACCOUNT OPTIONS 
      --unlock value    Comma separated list of accounts to unlock
--password value  Password file to use for non-interactive password input
    • API AND CONSOLE OPTIONS 
      --rpc                  Enable the HTTP-RPC server
--rpcaddr value        HTTP-RPC server listening interface (default: "localhost")
--rpcport value        HTTP-RPC server listening port (default: 8545)
--rpcapi value         API's offered over the HTTP-RPC interface
--ws                   Enable the WS-RPC server
--wsaddr value         WS-RPC server listening interface (default: "localhost")
--wsport value         WS-RPC server listening port (default: 8546)
--wsapi value          API's offered over the WS-RPC interface
--wsorigins value      Origins from which to accept websockets requests
--ipcdisable           Disable the IPC-RPC server
--ipcpath              Filename for IPC socket/pipe within the datadir (explicit paths escape it)
--rpccorsdomain value  Comma separated list of domains from which to accept cross origin requests (browser enforced)
--jspath loadScript    JavaScript root path for loadScript (default: ".")
--exec value           Execute JavaScript statement
--preload value        Comma separated list of JavaScript files to preload into the console
    • NETWORKING OPTIONS 
      --bootnodes value     Comma separated enode URLs for P2P discovery bootstrap (set v4+v5 instead for light servers)
--bootnodesv4 value   Comma separated enode URLs for P2P v4 discovery bootstrap (light server, full nodes)
--bootnodesv5 value   Comma separated enode URLs for P2P v5 discovery bootstrap (light server, light nodes)
--port value          Network listening port (default: 30303)
--maxpeers value      Maximum number of network peers (network disabled if set to 0) (default: 25)
--maxpendpeers value  Maximum number of pending connection attempts (defaults used if set to 0) (default: 0)
--nat value           NAT port mapping mechanism (any|none|upnp|pmp|extip:<IP>) (default: "any")
--nodiscover          Disables the peer discovery mechanism (manual peer addition)
--v5disc              Enables the experimental RLPx V5 (Topic Discovery) mechanism
--netrestrict value   Restricts network communication to the given IP networks (CIDR masks)
--nodekey value       P2P node key file
--nodekeyhex value    P2P node key as hex (for testing)
    • MINER OPTIONS 
      --mine                    Enable mining
--minerthreads value      Number of CPU threads to use for mining (default: 4)
--etherbase value         Public address for block mining rewards (default = first account created) (default: "0")
--targetgaslimit value    Target gas limit sets the artificial target gas floor for the blocks to mine (default: 4712388)
--gasprice "18000000000"  Minimal gas price to accept for mining a transactions
--extradata value         Block extra data set by the miner (default = client version)
    • GAS PRICE ORACLE OPTIONS 
      --gpoblocks value      Number of recent blocks to check for gas prices (default: 10)
--gpopercentile value  Suggested gas price is the given percentile of a set of recent transaction gas prices (default: 50)
    • VIRTUAL MACHINE OPTIONS 
      --vmdebug  Record information useful for VM and contract debugging
    • LOGGING AND DEBUGGING OPTIONS 
      --metrics                 Enable metrics collection and reporting
--fakepow                 Disables proof-of-work verification
--nocompaction            Disables db compaction after import
--verbosity value         Logging verbosity: 0=silent, 1=error, 2=warn, 3=info, 4=debug, 5=detail (default: 3)
--vmodule value           Per-module verbosity: comma-separated list of <pattern>=<level> (e.g. eth/*=5,p2p=4)
--backtrace value         Request a stack trace at a specific logging statement (e.g. "block.go:271")
--debug                   Prepends log messages with call-site location (file and line number)
--pprof                   Enable the pprof HTTP server
--pprofaddr value         pprof HTTP server listening interface (default: "127.0.0.1")
--pprofport value         pprof HTTP server listening port (default: 6060)
--memprofilerate value    Turn on memory profiling with the given rate (default: 524288)
--blockprofilerate value  Turn on block profiling with the given rate (default: 0)
--cpuprofile value        Write CPU profile to the given file
--trace value             Write execution trace to the given file
    • WHISPER (EXPERIMENTAL) OPTIONS 
      --shh                       Enable Whisper
--shh.maxmessagesize value  Max message size accepted (default: 1048576)
--shh.pow value             Minimum POW accepted (default: 0.2)
    • DEPRECATED OPTIONS 
      --fast   Enable fast syncing through state downloads
--light  Enable light client mode
    • MISC OPTIONS 
      --help, -h  show help

  • 真实配置过程

    1.  geth --datadir "/Users/zsk/Library/Ethereum" --dev
    解析:   --datadir "/Users/zsk/Library/Ethereum" 就是创建数据库和密钥存储库的相应文件和Ethereum文件夹
            --dev 开发者模式(预先配置的带有多个调试标志的专用网络)
    error:  Fatal: Error starting protocol stack: database already contains an incompatible genesis block (have d4e56740f876aef8, new e5be92145a301820). 暂未找到解决方案，但是不影响测试
2.  geth --dev console 2>>file_to_log_output
    解析:   --dev 开发者模式
            console 启动交互式JavaScript环境
            该命令会打开geth控制台，同时在当前命令行所在的文件目录下生成一个叫做file_to_log_output的日志文件，一些操作打印日志会直接记录在这个文件中
3.  geth控制台操作
    eth.accounts // 查看当前用户，返回值为一个数组
    personal.newAccount('密码') // 创建一个新的用户
    user1 = eth.accounts[0] // 把数组的第一个值赋予user1
    eth.getBalance(user1) // 查询这个账户的余额
    miner.start() // 开始挖矿
    miner.stop() // 停止挖矿
    personal.unlockAccount(user1,'123456') // 解锁用户1
    eth.sendTransaction({from: user1, to: user2, value:web3.toWei(3,'ether')}) // user1 向 user2 转3个币
    // 现在去查询user2余额还是为0，每次交易的确认，其实都是需要挖矿的，也就是被其他矿工共识确认，然后才能加入区块链的账本中
    // 所以在此挖矿
    miner.start() // 开始挖矿
    miner.stop() // 过一会停止挖矿
    // 此时在查询，就会发现user2中有3个币
    eth.getBalance(user2)

  • 完整geth命令介绍如下

    bogon:~ zsk$ geth help
.....
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