安装Tomcat & JDK

安装时候选择tomcat软件版本要与程序开发使用的版本一致。jdk版本要进行与tomcat保持一致。

1、系统环境说明

[root@java-tomcat1 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)
[root@java-tomcat1 ~]# uname -a 
Linux java-tomcat1 3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Aug 22 21:09:27 UTC 2017 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux 
[root@java-tomcat1 ~]# getenforce 
Disabled 
[root@java-tomcat1 ~]# systemctl status firewalld 
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon   
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; 
   disabled; vendor preset: enabled)   
   Active: inactive (dead)     
   Docs: man:firewalld(1)

2 、安装JDK

命令集：

上传jdk1.8到服务器。安装jdk 
[root@java-tomcat1 ~]# tar xzf jdk-8u191-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ 
[root@java-tomcat1 ~]# cd /usr/local/ [root@java-tomcat1 local]# mv jdk1.8.0_191/ java 
设置环境变量: 
[root@java-tomcat1 local]# vim /etc/profile 
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java   #指定java安装目录 
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/jre/bin:$PATH    #用于指定java系统查找命令的路径 
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar  #类的路径，在编译运 行java程序时，如果有调用到其他类的时候，在classpath中寻找需要的类。 检测JDK是否安装成功:
[root@java-tomcat1 local]# source /etc/profile
[root@java-tomcat1 local]# java -version
java version "1.8.0_191" 
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_191-b12) 
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.191-b12, mixed mode)

3、安装Tomcat

命令集：

[root@java-tomcat1 ~]# mkdir /data/application -p 
[root@java-tomcat1 ~]# cd /usr/src/ 
[root@java-tomcat1 src]# wget http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat8/v8.5.42/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.42.tar.gz
[root@java-tomcat1 src]# tar xzf apache-tomcat-8.5.42.tar.gz -C /data/application/ 
[root@java-tomcat1 src]# cd /data/application/ 
[root@java-tomcat1 application]# mv apache-tomcat-8.5.42/ tomcat 
设置环境变量: 
[root@java-tomcat1 application]# vim /etc/profile 
export TOMCAT_HOME=/data/application/tomcat   #指定tomcat的安装目录 
[root@java-tomcat1 application]# source  /etc/profile 
查看tomcat是否安装成功: 
[root@java-tomcat1 tomcat]# /data/application/tomcat/bin/version.sh 
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /data/application/tomcat 
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /data/application/tomcat 
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /data/application/tomcat/temp Using JRE_HOME:        /usr/local/java
Using CLASSPATH:       /data/application/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/data/application/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar 
Server version: Apache Tomcat/8.5.42 
Server built:   Jun 4 2019 20:29:04 UTC 
Server number:  8.5.42.0 
OS Name:        Linux
OS Version:     3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 
Architecture:   amd64 
JVM Version:    1.8.0_191-b12 
JVM Vendor:     Oracle Corporation

Tomcat目录介绍

1、tomcat主目录介绍

[root@java-tomcat1 ~]# cd /data/application/tomcat/ [root@java-tomcat1 tomcat]# yum install -y tree 
[root@java-tomcat1 tomcat]# tree -L 1 
. 
├── bin     #存放tomcat的管理脚本 
├── BUILDING.txt 
├── conf    #tomcat的配置文件 
├── CONTRIBUTING.md 
├── lib      #web应用调用的jar包存放路径 
├── LICENSE 
├── logs     #tomcat日志存放目录，catalin.out日志为只要输出日志
├── NOTICE 
├── README.md 
├── RELEASE-NOTES 
├── RUNNING.txt 
├── temp     #存放临时文件 
├── webapps  #默认网站发布目录 
└── work     #存放编译生产的.java与.class文件
 
7 directories, 7 files

2、webapps目录介绍

[root@java-tomcat1 tomcat]# cd webapps/ 
[root@java-tomcat1 webapps]# tree -L 1 
. 
├── docs  #tomcat的帮助文档 
├── examples  #web应用实例 
├── host-manager  #主机管理 
├── manager    #管理 
└── ROOT    #默认站点根目录
 
5 directories, 0 files

3、Tomcat配置文件目录介绍（conf)

[root@java-tomcat1 webapps]# cd ../conf/ 
[root@java-tomcat1 conf]# tree -L 1 
. 
├── Catalina 
├── catalina.policy 
├── catalina.properties 
├── context.xml 
├── logging.properties 
├── logs 
├── server.xml           # tomcat 主配置文件 
├── server.xml.bak 
├── server.xml.bak2 
├── tomcat-users.xml    # tomcat 管理用户配置文件 
├── tomcat-users.xsd 
└── web.xml
 
2 directories, 10 files

4、Tomcat的管理

启动程序 #/data/application/tomcat/bin/startup.sh 
关闭程序 #/data/application/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh

启动停止

[root@java-tomcat1 conf]# cd ../bin/ 
[root@java-tomcat1 bin]# ./startup.sh 
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /data/application/tomcat 
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /data/application/tomcat 
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /data/application/tomcat/temp Using JRE_HOME:        /usr/local/java 
Using CLASSPATH:       /data/application/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/data/application/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar Tomcat started. 
[root@java-tomcat1 bin]# ./shutdown.sh 
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /data/application/tomcat 
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /data/application/tomcat 
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /data/application/tomcat/temp Using JRE_HOME:        /usr/local/java 
Using CLASSPATH:       /data/application/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/data/application/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar

注意：tomcat未启动的情况下使用shutdown脚本，会有大量的输出信息。
检查tomcat是否启动正常

[root@java-tomcat1 bin]# netstat -lntp  |grep java 
tcp6       0      0 :::8080         :::*                   LISTEN      30560/java 
tcp6       0      0 127.0.0.1:8005          :::*          LISTEN      30560/java 
tcp6       0      0 :::8009                 :::*           LISTEN      30560/java

端口:
8005：这个端口负责监听关闭Tomcat的请求 shutdown:向以上端口发送的关闭服务器的命令字符串。
8009: 与其他http服务通信接口，接受其他服务器转发过来的请求
8080: 建立http连接用。可以修改
说明：所有与java相关的，服务启动都是java命名的进

查看日志

[root@java-tomcat1 bin]# tail -f 
03-Aug-2019 17:56:54.124 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [/data/application/tomcat/webapps/docs] has finished in [70] ms
03-Aug-2019 17:56:54.125 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [/data/application/tomcat/webapps/examples]
03-Aug-2019 17:56:54.626 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [/data/application/tomcat/webapps/examples] has finished in [502] ms
03-Aug-2019 17:56:54.626 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [/data/application/tomcat/webapps/host-manager]
03-Aug-2019 17:56:54.662 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [/data/application/tomcat/webapps/host-manager] has finished in [36] ms
03-Aug-2019 17:56:54.662 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [/data/application/tomcat/webapps/manager]
03-Aug-2019 17:56:54.706 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [/data/application/tomcat/webapps/manager] has finished in [44] ms
03-Aug-2019 17:56:54.725 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.start Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
03-Aug-2019 17:56:54.753 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.start Starting ProtocolHandler ["ajp-nio-8009"]
03-Aug-2019 17:56:54.756 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start Server startup in 1325 ms

Tomcat主配置文件详解

1、server.xml组件类别
顶级组件：位于整个配置的顶层，如server。
容器类组件：可以包含其它组件的组件，如service、engine、host、context。
连接器组件：连接用户请求至tomcat，如connector

1.png

2.png

3.png

WEB站点部署

上线的代码有两种方式：
第一种方式是直接将程序目录放在webapps目录下面，这种方式大家已经明白了，就不多说了。
第二种方式是使用开发工具将程序打包成war包，然后上传到webapps目录下面。