1、构建实验环境
1.1、实验机的准备
实验用虚拟机的安装请参见：
《VMware --- CentOS6.x 实验机安装配置的简单说明》
链接如下：
本次实验使用的系统版本为：
CentOS release 6.8 (Final)
- 实验网络规划：
| IP | 用途 |
|---|---|
| 192.168.135.42 | python 开发环境 |
- 应用目录创建
]# mkdir -p /apps01/{src,local}
1.2、软件环境的准备
安装依赖软件
]# yum -y install gcc-c++ zlib-devel openssl-devel readline-devel sqlite sqlite-devel
1.3、获取 python 2.7 的安装包
下载 python 2.7.11
注：
写这篇文档的时候，2.7最新版本为11，可以通过该地址查看最新版本：
https://www.python.org/ftp/python/
]# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.11/Python-2.7.11.tar.xz -P /apps01/src
2、python 2.7 的安装、配置
2.1、解压
]# cd /apps01/src
]# tar -xf Python-2.7.11.tar.xz
]# cd Python-2.7.11
2.2、安装
]# ./configure --prefix=/apps01/local/python27/ --enable-shared
]# make && make install
注：
在执行 make 之后，虽然有以下提示，但所列项目都可以忽略。
Python build finished, but the necessary bits to build these modules were not found:
_tkinter bsddb185 dl
imageop sunaudiodev
To find the necessary bits, look in setup.py in detect_modules() for the module's name.
- _tkinter：a thin object-oriented layer on top of Tcl/Tk。如果不使用桌面程序可以忽略TKinter
- bsddb185：old bsddb module。老的bsddb模块，可忽略
- dl：Call C functions in shared objects. Python2.6 开始，已经弃用
- imageop：Manipulate raw image data 已经弃用
- sunaudiodev：Access to Sun audio hardware。这个是针对Sun平台的，CentOS下可以忽略
2.3、替换系统自带 python
查看 python 命令的位置
]# whereis python
python: /usr/bin/python2.6 /usr/bin/python /usr/lib/python2.6 /usr/lib64/python2.6 /usr/include/python2.6 /usr/share/man/man1/python.1.gz
备份 python 命令
]# mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python.`date +%F@%T`.bak
创建软连接
]# ln -s /apps01/local/python27/bin/python /usr/bin/python
2.4、解决 python2.7 启动报错
报错：
python2.7: error while loading shared libraries: libpython2.7.so.1.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
解决：
]# find / -name libpython2.7.so.1.0
/usr/local/src/Python-2.7.11/libpython2.7.so.1.0
/usr/local/python27/lib/libpython2.7.so.1.0
]# vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/python2_7.conf
/apps01/local/python27/lib/
]# ldconfig -v
2.5、解决 yum 启动报错
报错：
There was a problem importing one of the Python modules
required to run yum. The error leading to this problem was:
No module named yum
Please install a package which provides this module, or
verify that the module is installed correctly.
It's possible that the above module doesn't match the
current version of Python, which is:
2.7.11 (default, Apr 20 2017, 09:45:30)
[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-18)]
If you cannot solve this problem yourself, please go to
the yum faq at:
http://yum.baseurl.org/wiki/Faq
解决：
]# whereis yum
yum: /usr/bin/yum /etc/yum.conf /etc/yum /usr/share/man/man8/yum.8.gz
]# vim /usr/bin/yum
#!/usr/bin/python --> /usr/bin/python2.6
附A：安装 python 过程中的报错
注1：
如果不安装 zlib-devel，等到安装 setuptools 的时候，会报如下错误
Extracting in /tmp/tmp5GRJiW
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "ez_setup.py", line 391, in <module>
sys.exit(main())
File "ez_setup.py", line 388, in main
return _install(archive, _build_install_args(options))
File "ez_setup.py", line 50, in _install
with archive_context(archive_filename):
File "/usr/local/python27/lib/python2.7/contextlib.py", line 17, in __enter__
return self.gen.next()
File "ez_setup.py", line 102, in archive_context
archive.extractall()
File "/usr/local/python27/lib/python2.7/zipfile.py", line 1040, in extractall
self.extract(zipinfo, path, pwd)
File "/usr/local/python27/lib/python2.7/zipfile.py", line 1028, in extract
return self._extract_member(member, path, pwd)
File "/usr/local/python27/lib/python2.7/zipfile.py", line 1082, in _extract_member
with self.open(member, pwd=pwd) as source, \
File "/usr/local/python27/lib/python2.7/zipfile.py", line 1010, in open
close_fileobj=should_close)
File "/usr/local/python27/lib/python2.7/zipfile.py", line 526, in __init__
self._decompressor = zlib.decompressobj(-15)
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'decompressobj'
注2：
如果不安装 openssl-devel，等到安装 pip 的时候，会报如下错误
Searching for pip
Reading https://pypi.python.org/simple/pip/
Download error on https://pypi.python.org/simple/pip/: unknown url type: https -- Some packages may not be found!
Couldn't find index page for 'pip' (maybe misspelled?)
Scanning index of all packages (this may take a while)
Reading https://pypi.python.org/simple/
Download error on https://pypi.python.org/simple/: unknown url type: https -- Some packages may not be found!
No local packages or download links found for pip
error: Could not find suitable distribution for Requirement.parse('pip')
注3：
如果不安装 readline-devel，等到使用 ipython 时，会有如下告警：
WARNING: Readline services not available or not loaded.
WARNING: The auto-indent feature requires the readline library
