我们提供一个类:
class FooBar {
public void foo() {
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
print("foo");
}
}
public void bar() {
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
print("bar");
}
}
}
两个不同的线程将会共用一个 FooBar 实例。其中一个线程将会调用 foo() 方法,另一个线程将会调用 bar() 方法。
请设计修改程序,以确保 "foobar" 被输出 n 次。
示例 1:
输入: n = 1
输出: "foobar"
解释: 这里有两个线程被异步启动。其中一个调用 foo() 方法, 另一个调用 bar() 方法,"foobar" 将被输出一次。
示例 2:
输入: n = 2
输出: "foobarfoobar"
解释: "foobar" 将被输出两次。
写法1:使用yield方法暂停当前正在执行的线程对象,并执行其他线程
class FooBar {
private int n;
private volatile boolean flag = false;
public FooBar(int n) {
this.n = n;
}
public void foo(Runnable printFoo) throws InterruptedException {
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
// printFoo.run() outputs "foo". Do not change or remove this line.
while(flag){
Thread.yield();
}
printFoo.run();
flag = true;
}
}
public void bar(Runnable printBar) throws InterruptedException {
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
// printBar.run() outputs "bar". Do not change or remove this line.
while(!flag){
Thread.yield();
}
printBar.run();
flag = false;
}
}
}
写法2:使用Semaphore信号量
class FooBar {
private int n;
Semaphore foo = new Semaphore(1);
Semaphore bar = new Semaphore(0);
public FooBar(int n) {
this.n = n;
}
public void foo(Runnable printFoo) throws InterruptedException {
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
// printFoo.run() outputs "foo". Do not change or remove this line.
foo.acquire();
printFoo.run();
bar.release();
}
}
public void bar(Runnable printBar) throws InterruptedException {
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
// printBar.run() outputs "bar". Do not change or remove this line.
bar.acquire();
printBar.run();
foo.release();
}
}
}
写法3:使用CyclicBarrier适合用在循环场景中,CyclicBarrier默认的构造方法是CyclicBarrier(int parties),其参数表示屏障拦截的线程数量,每个线程使用await()方法告诉CyclicBarrier我已经到达了屏障,然后当前线程被阻塞。
class FooBar {
private int n;
CyclicBarrier cb = new CyclicBarrier(2);
volatile boolean fin = true;
public FooBar(int n) {
this.n = n;
}
public void foo(Runnable printFoo) throws InterruptedException {
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
// printFoo.run() outputs "foo". Do not change or remove this line.
while(!fin);
printFoo.run();
fin = false;
try {
cb.await();
} catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
}
}
}
public void bar(Runnable printBar) throws InterruptedException {
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
// printBar.run() outputs "bar". Do not change or remove this line.
try {
cb.await();
} catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
}
printBar.run();
fin = true;
}
}
}
测试代码:
public static void main(String[] args) {
FooBar fooBar = new FooBar(3);
ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
service.submit(() ->{
try {
fooBar.foo(()->{
System.out.println("foo");
});
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
service.submit(() ->{
try {
fooBar.bar(()->{
System.out.println("bar");
});
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
service.isShutdown();
}