In the last few decades research in areas such as neuroscience and behavioural economics allowed scientists to hack humans, and in particular to gain a much better understanding of how humans make decisions. It turned out that our choices of everything from food to mates result not from some mysterious free will, but rather from billions of neurons calculating probabilities within a split second. Vaunted‘human intuition’ is in reality ‘pattern recognition’. Good drivers, bankers and lawyers don’t have magical intuitions about traffic, investment or negotiation rather, by recognising recurring patterns, they spot and try to avoid careless pedestrians, inept borrowers and dishonest crooks. It also turned out that the biochemical algorithms of the human brain are far from perfect. They rely on heuristics, shortcuts and outdated circuits adapted to the African savannah rather than to the urban jungle. No wonder that even good drivers, bankers and lawyers sometimes make stupid mistakes.
过去几十年里,神经科学和行为经济学等领域的研究进展使得科学家可以深入了解人类,尤其是更好地了解人类是如何做决策的。结果表明,人类做出的一系列决策,小到选择食物,大到择偶,并不是由某种神秘自由意志支配的结果,而是通过数十亿个神经元瞬间计算概率得出的结果。我们常常吹嘘的“人类灵感”实际上只不过是“模式识别”罢了。优秀的司机、银行家和律师对交通、投资和谈判不具备魔法般的直觉,反而,他们是通过识别不断重复出现的模式,从而发现并试图避开粗心的行人、无能的借款人和谎话连篇的骗子。结果还表明,人类大脑的生化算法还远远没有达到完美的地步。这些算法依靠的是探索、捷径以及过时的大脑回路,这些只适合非洲草原生活,而不是都市丛林生活。难怪即使是优秀的司机、银行家和律师,有时候也难免会犯愚蠢的错误。
【林俊宏】在过去几十年中,在神经科学和行为经济学等领域的研究,让科学家能够”破解“人类,更清楚地了解人类究竟是如何做出各种决定的。事实证明,我们从选择食物到选择伴侣,都不是出于什么神秘难解的自由意志,而是数十亿神经元在瞬间计算各种可能性的结果。过去大受赞誉的”人类直觉“,其实只是”辨识模式“罢了。优秀的司机、银行经理和律师,对路口、投资或谈判交涉并没有什么神秘的直觉,只不过是辨识出了一再出现的模式,于是能够躲过漫不经心的行人、拒绝无力偿债的借款人和识破图谋不轨的骗子。但同时也证明,大脑的生化算法距离完美还有很长一段路。大脑会走捷径,会根据不完整的信息快速找出答案,而且大脑的回路也显得过时,整套机制适合的是过去的非洲大草原,而不是现在的都市丛林。这也就难怪,即使是优秀的司机、银行经理和律师,也会犯下愚蠢的错误。
This means that AI can outperform humans even in tasks that supposedly demand‘intuition’. If you think AI needs to compete against the human soul in terms of mystical hunches-that sounds impossible. But if AI really needs to compete against neural networks in calculating probabilities and recognising patterns – that sounds far less daunting.
这也就意味着,即使是在认为需要“直觉”的任务中,人工智能也能胜过人类。如果你认为人工智能需要与人类神秘的直觉竞争,这听起来几乎不可能;但是如果人工智能真的需要在计算概率和识别模式方面与神经网络竞争的话,这听起来就不那么令人生畏了。
【林俊宏】这意味着,就算是那些原本认为依靠直觉的工作,人工智能也能表现得比人类更好。人工智能不会比人类更有那种难以言喻的第六感,但如果说人工智能比人类更懂得计算概率和识别模式,听起来可信度就大了许多。