官方文件中“优化”类词语的译法

1、优化、深化、强化

第一反应是不能用optimize，因为optimize指的是最优，受众（也就是外国读者）比较难接受，认为有夸大的嫌疑。可以用improve,

upgrade等词。

在2019年的政府报告中，多次出现“优化”一词。如：

优化财政支出结构   improve the composition of budgetary spending

优化能源和运输结构      Energy and transportation structures wereupgraded.

大力优化创新生态   We greatly improved the innovation ecosystemto ...

国有企业优化重组   made new gains in upgrading and restructuringSOEs（state-owned enterprises）

优化支出结构    improve the mix of spending

优化运营商环境       improvethe business environment

优化环保、消防、税务、市场监管等执法方式    developbetterways of enforcing laws onenvironmental protection, fire prevention, tax collection, and market oversight

优化归国留学人员和外籍人才服务   providebetterservices for studentsreturning from overseas and foreign professionals

优化区域发展格局 improvethe layout ofdevelopment for all our regions

优化民营经济发展环境       improvementsin thedevelopment environment for the private sector

改革优化金融体系结构       improvethe basicsystems of the capital market

优化开放布局  improvethe layout ofopening up

优化进口结构  The import mix will beimproved...

综上，我们发现，“优化”通常与“结构”、“重组”、“格局”、“布局”等词一起出现。要注意“结构”的译法，上面的例子分别用structure,

composition, mix, system来对应中文里的“结构”。“布局”与“格局”一般处理为layout。

一是全力加强防控合作，提升公共卫生水平

First,APT countries need toenhance all-roundcooperation against the epidemic andbuild uppublic health capacity

二是努力恢复经济发展，推进区域经济一体化

Second,we need torevitalize economic growth anddeepen regional economic integration.

三是着力密切政策协调，抵御各类风险挑战。

Third,we need tointensify policy coordination to weatherall kinds of risks and challenges.

我们要开展强化10+3产业链供应链合作的联合研究，加固薄弱环节，增强抗压能力。在健康医疗、智能制造、大数据、5G等领域开展合作，打造新的经济增长点

Weshouldadvance cooperation on health and medical care, smartmanufacturing, big data, and 5G tofosternew drivers of growth

我愿在此提议，尽早召开二十国集团卫生部长会议，加强信息分享，开展药物、疫苗研发、防疫合作，有效防止疫情跨境传播

Inthis regard, I propose that a G20 health ministers' meeting be convened asquick as possible toimprove informationsharing,strengthen cooperation on drugs,vaccines and epidemic control, and cut off cross-border infections.

要探讨建立区域公共卫生应急联络机制，提高突发公共卫生事件应急响应速度。

Discussionsare also needed regarding the establishment of regional emergency liaisonmechanisms to enable quickerresponse to publichealth emergencies.

二、快于、优于...

Outstrip，surpass，exceed

1. to become larger, more important,etc. than sb / sth • 比…大(或重要等)；超过；胜过:

Demand is outstripping supply. 需求快超过供给了。

2. to be faster, better or moresuccessful than sb you are competing against • 超过,超越(竞争对手)

Their latest computer outstrips all itsrivals.他们最新型的计算机超越了所有的对手。

3. to run faster than sb in a race sothat you pass them• 比…跑得快；超越

2019年政府工作报告中的相关表达：

高技术产业、装备制造业增速明显快于一般工业 Growth in high-tech industries and

equipment manufacturing outstripped that of other industries.

3、质量和效益。quality and returns/performance

4、蓬勃发展Thrive，develop vigorously Thrive，flourish

5、新兴产业蓬勃发展，传统产业加快转型升级。大众创业万众创新深入推进。

Emerging industries thrived and traditional industries saw faster transformation and upgrading. Business start-ups and innovation continued to surge nationwide.

大众创新

最开始是翻译为mass entrepreneurship。但是有专家认为，这种企业精神是少数人的行为。后来改译为business start-ups

saw faster transformation and upgrading

see:目睹，历经

在China Daily发布的一篇名为Shanxi to further green efforts的文章中，也有类似用法：Located in North China, Shanxi has seen a significant increase in its economic growth.

6、市场主体总量超过一亿。

The total number of market entities/players passingthe 100 millionmark.

pass也可以用surpass替换。

7、新动能正在深刻改变生产生活方式，塑造中国发展新优势。

New growth drivers are now profoundly changing our mode of production and way of life, creating new strengths for China’s development.

优势：strengths/advantages

一般不用superiority，有种居高临下的感觉，表现出优越感。

发展优势产业leverage local strengths

优势互补complement each other with their respective strengths

培育新优势foster new strengths

发挥好他们的独特优势give full play to their unique strengths

塑造：create （第一反应除了想到shape还要想到create）

8、市场准入负面清单制度。

The negative list system for marketaccess was put fully into effect.

put into effect 生效

9、简政放权、放管结合、优化服务改革力度加大。

Reforms to streamline administration and delegate power, improve regulation and upgrade services were intensified.

力度加大：intensify，strengthen

streamline：使(系统、机构等)效率更高；(尤指)使增产节约

delegate:（这里作动词）授(权)；把(工作、权力等)委托(给下级)

管理：从国家层面来说，使用regulation而不是management，control

宏观调控：macro-regulation

管理：management, regulation, control（注意择词）

三、推进、推动

新型城镇化扎实推进，近1400万农业转移人口在城镇落户。

Solid progress was madein the pursuit of new urbanization, andclose to 14 million people originally from rural areas gained permanent urbanresidency.

推进法治政府建设和治理创新，保持社会和谐稳定。

we made progressin building a rule of law governmentand pursuing innovation in governance and ensured social harmony and stability.

推进财税体制改革，预算绩效管理改革全面启动。

We advanced the reform of the fiscal and taxsystems, and launched performance-based budget management reform across thecountry.

粤港澳大湾区规划建设迈出实质性步伐

Substantive steps were takenin the planning and building of theGuangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

统筹推进“五位一体”总体布局，pursue coordinated progressin the five-sphere integrated plan;

统筹推进稳增长、促改革、调结构、惠民生、防风险、保稳定工作

make coordinated efforts tomaintain stable growth, advance reform,make structural adjustments, improve living standards, guard against risks, andensure stability;

坚持深化市场化改革 continue to deepen market-orientated reforms

推动一二三产业融合发展 promote the integrated development of theprimary, secondary, and tertiary industries

推动生产要素流动和人员往来便利化 facilitating flows of factors of production and themovement of people

推动城镇基本公共服务覆盖常住人口 work toward makingbasic urban public services cover allpermanent urban residents

大力推动绿色发展 make big advances in green development

四、加强

最常见的翻译是strengthen。为增加可读性，还有多种表达形式可用。

加强政策协调配合 strengthen the coordination between these policies

增强信贷投放能力 strengthen their capacity to supply credit

加强对灵活就业、新就业形态的支持。 We will strengthen support for flexible employment and newforms of employment.

增强人民群众获得感、幸福感、安全感 enable people to feel more satisfied, happy, and secure

要大力推进改革开放，加快建立统一开放、竞争有序的现代市场体系，放宽市场准入，加强公正监管，打造法治化、国际化、便利化的营商环境，让各类市场主体更加活跃

We must work hard to advance reform and opening up, speed up the establishment of a unified and open, competitive and orderly modern market system, relax restrictions on market access, ensure impartial regulation, and create a business environment based on rule oflaw that is internationalized and enabling, in order to energize marketentities.

激励加强普惠金融服务 encourage moreinclusive financial services,

加强关键核心技术攻关work harder to achieve breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields

加强儿童安全保障。provide better protectionfor the safety of our children

加强新一代信息基础设施建设。We will further developnext-generation informationinfrastructure.

加强先进实用技术推广。step up efforts to encourage the widespread use of advanced practicaltechnologies

五、大力、加大力度、壮大、加快发展

加大城市污水管网和处理设施建设力度。

The development of sewer networks and treatment facilities in urban areas will be sped up.

壮大绿色环保产业 We will strengthen green and environmentally friendly industries.

各级政府要大力关心支持国防和军队建设

We in government at all levels must concern ourselves with and vigorously support the development of national defense and the armed forces.

大力优化创新生态

We greatly improved the innovation ecosystem

统筹城乡区域发展，良性互动格局加快形成。

we pursued balanced development across rural and urban areas and regions and sped up the formation of a pattern of positive interplay.

加快建设现代化经济体系，work faster to modernize the economy;

坚持创新引领发展，培育壮大新动能。We will continue to pursue innovation-driven development and foster new growth drivers.

壮大数字经济。expand the digital economy.

发展全域旅游，壮大旅游产业。We will develop integrated tourism and strengthen the tourism industry.

加大改革开放力度，发展动力继续增强。we intensified reform and opening up and continued to strengthen the momentum of development.