shutil －一种高层次的文件操作工具，强大之处是在对文件的复制与删除操作支持比较好。
shutil.copyfileobj(fsrc, fdst[, length=16*1024]) #copy文件内容到另一个文件，可以copy指定大小的内容
defcopyfileobj(fsrc, fdst, length=16*1024):"""copy data from file-like object fsrc to file-like object fdst"""while1:
buf=fsrc.read(length)ifnotbuf:breakfdst.write(buf)#注意！ 在其中fsrc，fdst都是文件对象，都需要打开后才能进行复制操作importshutil
f1=open('name','r')
f2=open('name_copy','w+')
shutil.copyfileobj(f1,f2,length=16*1024)
shutil.copyfile(src,dst) #copy文件内容，是不是感觉上面的文件复制很麻烦？还需要自己手动用open函数打开文件，在这里就不需要了，事实上，copyfile调用了copyfileobj
实例：
defcopyfile(src, dst, *, follow_symlinks=True):"""Copy data from src to dst.
If follow_symlinks is not set and src is a symbolic link, a new
symlink will be created instead of copying the file it points to."""if_samefile(src, dst):raiseSameFileError("{!r} and {!r} are the same file".format(src, dst))forfnin[src, dst]:try:
st=os.stat(fn)exceptOSError:#File most likely does not existpasselse:#XXX What about other special files? (sockets, devices...)ifstat.S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode):raiseSpecialFileError("`%s` is a named pipe"%fn)ifnotfollow_symlinksandos.path.islink(src):
os.symlink(os.readlink(src), dst)else:
with open(src,'rb') as fsrc:
with open(dst,'wb') as fdst:
copyfileobj(fsrc, fdst)returndst
删除目录使用如下函数：
shutil.rmtree('d:/dd')
移动文件或者文件夹到另外一个地方：
shutil.move('d:/c.png','e:/')
shutil.copystat(src,dst) #复制所有的状态信息，包括权限，组，用户，时间等
defcopystat(src, dst, *, follow_symlinks=True):"""Copy all stat info (mode bits, atime, mtime, flags) from src to dst.
If the optional flag `follow_symlinks` is not set, symlinks aren't followed if and
only if both `src` and `dst` are symlinks."""def_nop(*args, ns=None, follow_symlinks=None):pass#follow symlinks (aka don't not follow symlinks)follow = follow_symlinksornot(os.path.islink(src)andos.path.islink(dst))iffollow:#use the real function if it existsdeflookup(name):returngetattr(os, name, _nop)else:#use the real function only if it exists#*and* it supports follow_symlinksdeflookup(name):
fn=getattr(os, name, _nop)iffninos.supports_follow_symlinks:returnfnreturn_nop
st= lookup("stat")(src, follow_symlinks=follow)
mode=stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode)
lookup("utime")(dst, ns=(st.st_atime_ns, st.st_mtime_ns),
follow_symlinks=follow)try:
lookup("chmod")(dst, mode, follow_symlinks=follow)exceptNotImplementedError:#if we got a NotImplementedError, it's because#* follow_symlinks=False,#* lchown() is unavailable, and#* either#* fchownat() is unavailable or#* fchownat() doesn't implement AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW.#(it returned ENOSUP.)#therefore we're out of options--we simply cannot chown the#symlink. give up, suppress the error.#(which is what shutil always did in this circumstance.)passifhasattr(st,'st_flags'):try:
lookup("chflags")(dst, st.st_flags, follow_symlinks=follow)exceptOSError as why:forerrin'EOPNOTSUPP','ENOTSUP':ifhasattr(errno, err)andwhy.errno ==getattr(errno, err):breakelse:raise_copyxattr(src, dst, follow_symlinks=follow)
shutil.copy(src,dst) #复制文件的内容以及权限，先copyfile后copymode
shutil.copytree(src, dst, symlinks=False, ignore=None, copy_function=copy2,ignore_dangling_symlinks=False) #递归的复制文件内容及状态信息
shutil.rmtree(path, ignore_errors=False, onerror=None)#递归地删除文件
shutil.move(src, dst) #递归的移动文件
make_archive(base_name, format, root_dir=None, base_dir=None, verbose=0,dry_run=0, owner=None, group=None, logger=None) #压缩打包
base_name： 压缩打包后的文件名或者路径名
format： 压缩或者打包格式"zip", "tar", "bztar"or "gztar"
root_dir : 将哪个目录或者文件打包（也就是源文件）
实例：
>>> shutil.make_archive('tarball','gztar',root_dir='copytree_test')
[root@slyoyo python_test]#ls -ltotal 12drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 May 14 19:36copytree_copy
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 May 14 19:36copytree_test-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 May 14 21:12tarball.tar.gz-rw-r--r--. 1 python python 79 May 14 05:17test1-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 May 14 19:10 test2
