Material Design - 常用控件介绍和使用

效果图1.gif

效果2.gif

添加依赖

 implementation 'com.github.bumptech.glide:glide:3.7.0'
implementation 'com.android.support:cardview-v7:27.1.1'
 implementation 'com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:27.1.1'
 implementation 'com.android.support:design:27.1.1'

activity_main主布局

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:id="@+id/drawer_layout"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent">

        <android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content">

            <android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar
                android:id="@+id/toolbar"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="?attr/actionBarSize"
                android:background="?attr/colorPrimary"
                app:title="@string/app_name"
                android:theme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Dark.ActionBar"
                app:popupTheme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Light"
                app:layout_scrollFlags="scroll|enterAlways|snap" />
        </android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout>

        <android.support.v4.widget.SwipeRefreshLayout
            android:id="@+id/swipe_refresh"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            app:layout_behavior="@string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior">

            <android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
                android:id="@+id/recycler_view"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="match_parent" />
        </android.support.v4.widget.SwipeRefreshLayout>

        <android.support.design.widget.FloatingActionButton
            android:id="@+id/fab"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_gravity="bottom|end"
            android:layout_margin="16dp"
            android:src="@drawable/ic_done" />
    </android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout>

    <android.support.design.widget.NavigationView
        android:id="@+id/nav_view"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_gravity="start"
        app:headerLayout="@layout/nav_header"
        app:menu="@menu/nav_menu" />

</android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout>

DrawerLayout+NavigationView实现侧滑
mDrawerLayout.openDrawer(GravityCompat.START);打开
mDrawerLayout.openDrawer(Gravity.LEFT)左边

AppBarLayout
app:layout_scrollFlags参数:

scroll值设为scroll的View会跟随滚动事件一起发生移动。

enterAlways:值设为enterAlways的View,当ScrollView往下滚动时，该View会直接往下滚动。而不用考虑ScrollView是否在滚动。

exitUntilCollapsed：值设为exitUntilCollapsed的View，当这个View要往上逐渐“消逝”时，会一直往上滑动，直到剩下的的高度达到它的最小高度后，再响应ScrollView的内部滑动事件。

enterAlwaysCollapsed：是enterAlways的附加选项，一般跟enterAlways一起使用，它是指，View在往下“出现”的时候，首先是enterAlways效果，当View的高度达到最小高度时，View就暂时不去往下滚动，直到ScrollView滑动到顶部不再滑动时，View再继续往下滑动，直到滑到View的顶部结束。

NavigationView\

 android:layout_gravity="start"侧滑在左边,end代表在右边
  app:headerLayout="@layout/nav_header"头部的布局
 app:menu="@menu/nav_menu"子菜单的内容

nav_header布局

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="180dp"
    android:background="?attr/colorPrimary"
    android:padding="10dp">

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/icon_image"
        android:layout_width="70dp"
        android:layout_height="70dp"
        android:layout_centerInParent="true"
        android:src="@drawable/nav_icon" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/mail"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
        android:text="peakmain@mail.com"
        android:textColor="#FFF"
        android:textSize="14sp" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/username"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_above="@id/mail"
        android:text="Peakmain"
        android:textColor="#FFF"
        android:textSize="14sp" />

</RelativeLayout>

nav_menu菜单内容

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <group android:checkableBehavior="single">
        <item
            android:id="@+id/nav_call"
            android:icon="@drawable/nav_call"
            android:title="Call" />
        <item
            android:id="@+id/nav_friends"
            android:icon="@drawable/nav_friends"
            android:title="Friends" />
        <item
            android:id="@+id/nav_location"
            android:icon="@drawable/nav_location"
            android:title="Location" />
        <item
            android:id="@+id/nav_mail"
            android:icon="@drawable/nav_mail"
            android:title="Mail" />
        <item
            android:id="@+id/nav_task"
            android:icon="@drawable/nav_task"
            android:title="Tasks" />
    </group>
</menu>

toolbar样式

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto">
    <item
    android:id="@+id/backup"
    android:icon="@drawable/ic_backup"
    android:title="Backup"
    app:showAsAction="always"/>
    <item
        android:id="@+id/delete"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_delete"
        android:title="Delete"
        app:showAsAction="ifRoom"/>
    <item
        android:id="@+id/settings"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_settings"
        android:title="Settings"
        app:showAsAction="never"/>
</menu>

1.alaways:这个值会使菜单项一直显示在ActionBar上。
2.ifRoom:如果有足够的空间,这个值会使菜单显示在ActionBar上。
3.never:这个值菜单永远不会出现在ActionBar是。
4.withText:这个值使菜单和它的图标，菜单文本一起显示。

MainActivity主布局

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private DrawerLayout mDrawerLayout;
    /**
     * 初始化数据
     */
    private Fruit[] fruits = {new Fruit("Apple", R.drawable.apple), new Fruit("Banana", R.drawable.banana),
            new Fruit("Orange", R.drawable.orange), new Fruit("Watermelon", R.drawable.watermelon),
            new Fruit("Pear", R.drawable.pear), new Fruit("Grape", R.drawable.grape),
            new Fruit("Pineapple", R.drawable.pineapple), new Fruit("Strawberry", R.drawable.strawberry),
            new Fruit("Cherry", R.drawable.cherry), new Fruit("Mango", R.drawable.mango)};
    private List<Fruit> fruitList = new ArrayList<>();
    private SwipeRefreshLayout swipeRefresh;
    private FruitAdapter adapter;

    @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR2)
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        //设置toolbar
        Toolbar toolbar = findViewById(R.id.toolbar);
        setSupportActionBar(toolbar);
        //侧滑
        NavigationView navView = findViewById(R.id.nav_view);
        mDrawerLayout = findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout);
        ActionBar actionBar = getSupportActionBar();
        if (actionBar != null) {
            //设置导航默认是箭头，id是android.R.id.home
            actionBar.setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true);
            //将箭头设置成我们的图片
            actionBar.setHomeAsUpIndicator(R.drawable.ic_menu);
        }
        //设置被选中的item
        navView.setCheckedItem(R.id.nav_call);
        //获取侧滑的头部
        View headerView = navView.getHeaderView(0);
        //头部的图像
        headerView.findViewById(R.id.icon_image).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "点击了图像", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        //头部的邮件
        headerView.findViewById(R.id.mail).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "点击了邮件", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        //头部的用户名
        headerView.findViewById(R.id.username).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "点击了用户名", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });

        //侧滑点击列表
        navView.setNavigationItemSelectedListener(new NavigationView.OnNavigationItemSelectedListener() {
            @Override
            public boolean onNavigationItemSelected(@NonNull MenuItem item) {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, item.getTitle(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                //关闭侧滑
                mDrawerLayout.closeDrawers();
                return true;
            }
        });
        //悬浮点击事件
        FloatingActionButton fab = findViewById(R.id.fab);
        fab.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                // Snackbar的使用，第一个参数代表附属于哪个View,第二个文本
                Snackbar.make(v, "Data deleted", Snackbar.LENGTH_LONG).setAction("Undo", new View.OnClickListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void onClick(View v) {
                        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Data restored", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    }
                }).show();
            }
        });
        initFruits();
        RecyclerView recyclerView = findViewById(R.id.recycler_view);
        GridLayoutManager layoutManager = new GridLayoutManager(this, 2);
        recyclerView.setLayoutManager(layoutManager);
        adapter = new FruitAdapter(fruitList);
        recyclerView.setAdapter(adapter);
        //下拉刷新的使用
        swipeRefresh = findViewById(R.id.swipe_refresh);
        //设置下拉刷新时候的箭头的颜色
        swipeRefresh.setColorSchemeResources(R.color.colorAccent);
        //下拉刷新的事件
        swipeRefresh.setOnRefreshListener(new SwipeRefreshLayout.OnRefreshListener() {
            @Override
            public void onRefresh() {
                refreshFruits();
            }
        });
    }

    /**
     * 刷新数据,模拟数据
     */
    private void refreshFruits() {
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(2000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        initFruits();
                        adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
                        swipeRefresh.setRefreshing(false);
                    }
                });
            }
        }).start();
    }

    /**
     * 初始化数据
     */
    private void initFruits() {
        fruitList.clear();
        for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
            Random random = new Random();
            int index = random.nextInt(fruits.length);
            fruitList.add(fruits[index]);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 加载创建 menu 布局
     *
     * @param menu
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.toolbar, menu);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * 点击menu的一些回掉
     *
     * @param item
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
        switch (item.getItemId()) {
            case android.R.id.home:
                mDrawerLayout.openDrawer(GravityCompat.START);
                break;
            case R.id.backup:
                Toast.makeText(this, "You clicked Backup", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                break;
            case R.id.delete:
                Toast.makeText(this, "You clicked Delete", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                break;
            case R.id.settings:
                Toast.makeText(this, "You clicked Settings", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
        return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
    }
}

FruitAdapter适配器

public class FruitAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<FruitAdapter.ViewHolder> {
    private static final String TAG = "FruitAdapter";

    private Context mContext;

    private List<Fruit> mFruitList;

    public FruitAdapter(List<Fruit> fruitList) {
        this.mFruitList = fruitList;
    }

    public class ViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder {
        CardView cardView;
        ImageView fruitImage;
        TextView fruitName;

        public ViewHolder(View itemView) {
            super(itemView);
            cardView = (CardView) itemView;
            fruitImage = itemView.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
            fruitName = itemView.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
        }
    }

    @NonNull
    @Override
    public ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(@NonNull ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
        //获得上下文
        if (mContext == null) {
            mContext = parent.getContext();
        }
        View view = LayoutInflater.from(mContext).inflate(R.layout.fruit_item, parent, false);
        final ViewHolder holder = new ViewHolder(view);
        holder.cardView.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                //获取当前的位置
                int position = holder.getAdapterPosition();
                Fruit fruit = mFruitList.get(position);
                Intent intent = new Intent(mContext, FruitActivity.class);
                intent.putExtra(FruitActivity.FRUIT_NAME, fruit.getName());
                intent.putExtra(FruitActivity.FRUIT_IMAGE_ID, fruit.getImageId());
                mContext.startActivity(intent);
            }
        });
        return holder;
    }

    /**
     * 设置数据
     */
    @Override
    public void onBindViewHolder(@NonNull ViewHolder holder, int position) {
        Fruit fruit = mFruitList.get(position);
        //设置图片
        Glide.with(mContext).load(fruit.getImageId()).into(holder.fruitImage);
        //设置名字
        holder.fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
    }

    @Override
    public int getItemCount() {
        return mFruitList.size();
    }
}

FruitActivity

public class FruitActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    public static final String FRUIT_NAME = "FRUIT_NAME";
    public static final String FRUIT_IMAGE_ID = "FRUIT_IMAGE_ID";

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_fruit);
        //获取传过来的名字和图片的Id
        Intent intent = getIntent();
        String fruitName = intent.getStringExtra(FRUIT_NAME);
        int fruitImageId = intent.getIntExtra(FRUIT_IMAGE_ID, 0);
        //toolbar
        Toolbar toolbar = findViewById(R.id.toolbar);
        //collapsingToolbar
        CollapsingToolbarLayout collapsingToolbar = findViewById(R.id.collapsing_toolbar);
        ImageView fruitImageView = findViewById(R.id.fruit_image_view);
        TextView fruitContentText = findViewById(R.id.fruit_content_text);
        //设置actionbar
        setSupportActionBar(toolbar);
        ActionBar actionBar = getSupportActionBar();
        if (actionBar != null) {
            actionBar.setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true);
        }
        //设置标题
        collapsingToolbar.setTitle(fruitName);
        //加载图片
        Glide.with(this).load(fruitImageId).into(fruitImageView);
        String fruitContent = generateFruitContent(fruitName);
        fruitContentText.setText(fruitContent);
    }

    private String generateFruitContent(String fruitName) {
        StringBuilder fruitContent = new StringBuilder();
        for (int i = 0; i < 500; i++) {
            fruitContent.append(fruitName);
        }
        return fruitContent.toString();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
        switch (item.getItemId()) {
            case android.R.id.home:
                finish();
                return true;
            default:
                break;
        }
        return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
    }
}

activity_fruit布局

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:fitsSystemWindows="true">

    <android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout
        android:id="@+id/appBar"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="250dp"
        android:fitsSystemWindows="true">

        <android.support.design.widget.CollapsingToolbarLayout
            android:id="@+id/collapsing_toolbar"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:fitsSystemWindows="true"
            android:theme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Dark.ActionBar"
            app:contentScrim="?attr/colorPrimary"
            app:layout_scrollFlags="scroll|exitUntilCollapsed">

            <ImageView
                android:id="@+id/fruit_image_view"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="match_parent"
                android:fitsSystemWindows="true"
                android:scaleType="centerCrop"
                app:layout_collapseMode="parallax" />

            <android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar
                android:id="@+id/toolbar"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="?attr/actionBarSize"
                app:layout_collapseMode="pin" />
        </android.support.design.widget.CollapsingToolbarLayout>
    </android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout>

    <android.support.v4.widget.NestedScrollView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        app:layout_behavior="@string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior">

        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:orientation="vertical">

            <android.support.v7.widget.CardView
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:layout_marginBottom="15dp"
                android:layout_marginLeft="15dp"
                android:layout_marginRight="15dp"
                android:layout_marginTop="35dp"
                app:cardCornerRadius="4dp">

                <TextView
                    android:id="@+id/fruit_content_text"
                    android:layout_width="match_parent"
                    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                    android:layout_margin="10dp" />
            </android.support.v7.widget.CardView>
        </LinearLayout>
    </android.support.v4.widget.NestedScrollView>

    <android.support.design.widget.FloatingActionButton
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_margin="16dp"
        android:src="@drawable/ic_comment"
        app:layout_anchor="@id/appBar"
        app:layout_anchorGravity="bottom|end" />
</android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout>

fitsSystemWindows只作用在sdk>=19的系统上就是高于4.4的系统
这个属性可以给任何view设置,只要设置了这个属性此view的所有padding属性失效.
只有在设置了透明状态栏(StatusBar)或者导航栏(NavigationBar)此属性才会生效

CollapsingToolbarLayout
CollapsingToolbarLayout是用来对Toolbar进行再次包装的ViewGroup，主要是用于实现折叠（其实就是看起来像伸缩~）的App Bar效果。它需要放在AppBarLayout布局里面，并且作为AppBarLayout的直接子View。CollapsingToolbarLayout主要包括几个功能

内容纱布：根据滚动的位置是否到达一个阀值，来决定是否对View“盖上纱布”。可以通过setContentScrim(Drawable)来设置纱布的图片.如我们这里的app:contentScrim="?attr/colorPrimary"

app:layout_collapseMode="pin":将子View位置固定(Pinned position children)：子View可以选择是否在全局空间上固定位置，这对于Toolbar来说非常有用，因为当布局在移动时，可以将Toolbar固定位置而不受移动的影响。

app:layout_collapseMode="parallax" 视差滚动子View(Parallax scrolling children):子View可以选择在当前的布局当时是否以“视差”的方式来跟随滚动。（PS:其实就是让这个View的滚动的速度比其他正常滚动的View速度稍微慢一点）

app:layout_behavior="@string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior"设置放置到状态栏下面

app:layout_anchor="@id/appBar"附属在toolbar上面