作者：梦边花语听见否
细心的朋友可能也发现了，上期最后的问题中的关键词是“同一个”。
对于“同一个”这样如此简单的词组，难道还有什么需要讨论和研究的吗？您也许以为我是小题大作。好的，那就让我们看看到底什么叫“同一个”吧。
我想，但凡有小学水平的人都理解“同一个”是什么意思：也就是“原来”那个呗，也就是这个东西或事物前后没有任何变化，保持一样啊；因为“同”的意思就是“相同”。相同就是指的没有不一样的地方，就是它的方方面面任何地方都没有发生过改变，这才叫相同。
换句话说，如果某个东西或事物，它的任何一点发生了变化，哪怕是最微小最不起眼的某个细节的变化，比如其功能、作用、成份、位置、长度、宽度、高度、温度、硬度、质量、形状、味道、音质、时间上的坐标、空间上的坐标......等等发生了任何细小的变化，我们也就不应该将其视为“同一个”东西或事物了。
我想，对于以上的阐述大家是没有意见，对吧？
如果同意以上的阐述，那咱们接下来看“到达P2点的鸡蛋与原来P1点的鸡蛋，是否为“同一个”鸡蛋？”的答案：
答：不是同一个鸡蛋。
看到这个答案，是否有点晕？是否有点挠头？
其实，差不多每个人开始都有这种感觉。因为，您会自然地问：如果这前后两个鸡蛋不是同一个鸡蛋，难道是谁把它换了吗？就像张三这个人，他参加百米赛跑，从起点跑到终点，难道终点那个人就不是张三，而变成李四了吗？再引申一下，难道说出生时的我，等长大到今天成了几十岁的人后，我就不是当初刚从娘胎里出生的那个我了吗？如果真是这样，那世界不是太荒唐、太无理了吗？
再比如：张三今天犯了罪，抢了银行，转身跑回家，第二天，警察来抓他，按照上面前后两个鸡蛋不是一个鸡蛋的道理，他就可以说，警察叔叔，请不要抓我，那个抢银行的人不是我，抢银行的那个人是昨天的那个人，你们有本身事，去抓最天的那个人。
好了，就不再继续推演了。总之，如果您回答说移动到P2点的鸡蛋已经不是原来呆在P1点的鸡蛋了，即认为两个是不同的鸡蛋，那么，日常生活中的许多事情就会显现得非常荒唐：长大了的张三就不是儿时的张三了；昨天偷银行的人今天就不能被抓捕了，等等。
那么这到底出了什么事呢？到底是不是我故意玩弄文字游戏呢？
不是。我是认真的。我是非常认真的。事情的确是这样子。对那些荒废事，我会另做解释。现在咱们先把P2点的鸡蛋是不是P1点上的同一个鸡蛋的事说清楚：
以上，是对“不是同一个鸡蛋”进行了归谬，似乎反正出“不是同一个鸡蛋”这个结论是错的。（记住，我这里用的“似乎”。）
下边，咱们反过来看，即从“是同一个鸡蛋”的答案来进行推论，看有什么情况出现：
如果您认为P2点上的鸡蛋与原先在P1点上的是“同一个”鸡蛋，那么就会出现以下这两个推论：
1. 当鸡蛋到达了P2点时，鸡蛋也还同时存在于P1点，因为它们是同一个鸡蛋。(对于“同一个”的定义，前边有阐述，如果有遗忘，请查看前文)
2. 当鸡蛋还没离开P1点时，鸡蛋也还同时存在于P2点了，因为它们是同一个鸡蛋。
实际上也可推论说：鸡蛋同时出现在从P1到P2点上的无数个位置上。
各位，您肯定也认为上边推论的情况绝对是不可能发生的吧。是啊，这种事情怎么可能发生呢？因为，我们人类的“共同常识”都认为：一个东西或事物不可能同时出现在两个或两个以上的地点，这是人类的常识啊。有谁会怀疑这一点吗？
到此为止，我们分别从“是同一个鸡蛋”和“不是同一个鸡蛋”两个方向进行了推论，都得出了荒谬的结论。这样以来，从逻辑推理的角度来看，两个答案都是不正确的吗？
那么到底什么是正确的答案呢？
根据《辞海》对“归谬法”的定义（通过从一个命题导出荒谬的结论而否定该命题的一种方法），我们似乎看出：不论是对“不是同一个鸡蛋”还是“是同一个鸡蛋”，进行推理归谬后，都得出了荒谬的结论，也就是说这两个相反的答案似乎都不正确。
那么这就意味着这个问题无解吗？
如果这个问题真的无解，那是不是我们又发现了一个人类“未解之谜”呢？我想不会的。
那么，您会问：前边最一开始说的那个“不是同一个鸡蛋”的答案到底对不对呢？
各位，您是不是感到开始有点烧脑了，是不是有点微微犯晕呢？
要知究竟如何，请诸君下期明鉴。
2022.10.02
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Day 6: What is "the same"? brain burn begins
Careful friends may also have noticed that the key word in the last question of the last issue is "the same".
Is there anything to discuss and study about two such simple words as "the same"? You may think I am making a fuss. Okay, so let's see what "the same" actually means.
I think everyone with elementary school level understands what "the same" means: that is, the same as "original"; that is, there is no change before or after , and it remains the same; because "the same" means "the same". “The same” means that there is no difference, that is, no changes have taken place in all aspects of it. This is called “the same”.
In other words, if something or aspects changes at any point in it, even in the smallest and most inconspicuous detail, such as its function, role, composition, location, length, width, height, temperature , hardness, quality, shape, taste, sound quality, coordinates in time, coordinates in space, etc. any small change, we should not consider it as the "same" thing or things.
I think everyone has no opinion on the above explanation, right?
If you agree with the above explanation, then let's look at the answer to "Is the egg that reaches P2 and the original P1 egg the "same" egg?":
A: Not the same egg.
Do you feel a little dizzy when you see this answer? Are you scratching your head a bit?
In fact, almost everyone starts to feel this way. Because, you will naturally ask: if the two eggs before and after this are not the same egg, who changed it? Just like Zhang San, he participated in the 100-meter race and ran from the starting point to the finish line. Could it be that the person at the finish line was not Zhang San, but Li Si? By extension, can it be said that when I was born, when I grow up to be a few decades old today, am I not the same me who was just born from my mother's womb? If so, isn't the world too absurd and unreasonable?
Another example: Zhang San committed a crime today, robbed the bank, turned around and ran home. The next day, the police came to arrest him. According to the above theory (the two eggs before and after are not the same egg), he can say, police uncle, please don't arrest me, the person who robbed the bank is not me, the person who robbed the bank is the person from yesterday, if you have such ability, go and catch the person from yesterday.
Well, let's not continue the deduction. In conclusion, if you answer that the egg that moved to point P2 is no longer the egg that was originally at point P1, i.e. that the two are different eggs, then many things in daily life will appear very absurd: The grown-up Zhang San is not the Zhang San of his childhood; the person who stole the bank yesterday cannot be arrested today, and so on.
So what is going on here? Am I deliberately playing with words?
No. I was serious. I am very serious. This is indeed the case. But I'll explain otherwise about those absurd things. Now let's first make it clear whether the egg at P2 is the egg at P1 or not:
The above is a fallacy of "not the same egg", and it seems that the conclusion of "not the same egg" is wrong anyway. (Remember, I use "seems" here.)
Below, let's look at it in reverse, that is to infer from the "same egg" answer to see what happens:
If you think that the egg at P2 is still the "same" egg which was at P1, then the following two inferences arise:
1. When the egg reaches the point P2, the egg also exists at the point P1 at the same time, because they are the same egg. (For the definition of "the same", there is an explanation in the front, if you forget, please check the previous article)
2. When the egg has not left the P1 point, the egg also exists in the P2 point at the same time, because they are the same egg.
In fact, it can also be deduced that the eggs appear at an infinite number of positions from P1 to P2 at the same time.
Ladies and gentlemen, you must also think that the situation inferred above is absolutely impossible. Yeah, how could such a thing happen? Because, our "common sense" of human beings all believe that one thing or things cannot appear in two or more places at the same time, which is common sense of human beings. Does anyone doubt this?
So far, we have made inferences from the two directions of "it is the same egg" and "not the same egg", and both have come to absurd conclusions. So, from a logical reasoning point of view, are both answers incorrect?
So what is the correct answer?
According to the definition of "reduction to absurdity" in Cihai (a method of denying a proposition by deriving an absurd conclusion from the proposition), we seem to see that whether it is for "not the same egg" or "the same egg" , after reasoning to absurdity, both came to absurd conclusions, that is to say, neither of the two opposite answers seemed correct.
So does this mean the problem is unsolvable?
If this problem is really unsolvable, is it that we have discovered another "unsolved mystery" for mankind? I don't think so.
Then, you will ask: Is the answer of "not the same egg" right at the beginning?
Ladies and gentlemen, are you starting to feel a little brain-burning, are you feeling a little dizzy?
If you want to know what is going on, please come next time.
2022.10.02
