Seeing the Wind
[Exploration 004] Subjunctive Mood
虛擬語氣 / 假設語氣
三個獨特用法,123。
{ 彷彿,委婉地指出不足,歸謬法批判 }
1) as though
as though = 彷彿 = as if
# ようだ、そうだ、みたいだ、らしい #
錯落。
EX:
...by and by it would be all clapped to the ground
as though
there had been no wind at all,
straightway it would rise and fly again.
# as though = as if #
2) For Flaws and Drawbacks
在文章中,委婉地指出一樣東西的不足,和缺點。
委婉地,批評。
用於評價。
EX:
評價一個作家早年的小說。
His early novels might have been even better
had he put more emphasis on details of his narration.
P = His early novels might have been even better
Q = had he put more emphasis on details of his narration.
先看 Q,
如果在他講述中呢,
多一些細節描寫,
再看 P,
他的作品就更優秀,就更好了。
# 你假想下,這句話是說,如果他多一些細節描寫,
作品就更好了。
是不是在委婉地,用一種類似恭維的語氣,在指出
他的細節描寫不夠多阿。#
3) Deduction
和,論述有關
論說文中,一個批判的方法,
歸謬法。
{ 什麼叫,歸謬法,呢? 面對一個命題,想批判他,
如果他正確的話,我們可以做,推論,
然後,做第一個推論,第二個推論,......直到
做出一個特別荒誕的結果,反過頭來說,原來這個命題是錯誤的。 }
# 如果他正確的話,那麼就 怎麼怎麼樣....
(推導出) 一個荒誕結果。#
EX:
一個例子,
面對一個觀點,你想去批判,你可以這樣說
If those doctrines were true,
then one would be like a babe in the woods
when he comes the striking deduction.
P = If those doctrines were true,
如果這些觀點正確的話,
Q= then one would be like a babe in the woods
when he comes the striking deduction.
如果這個觀點真的正確的話,
那麼,
如果我們對他做一些相應的一些推論,
推論的結果,呢,
怵目驚心,所有人面對這樣的推論,
一定是瞠目結舌,不知所云。
# like a babe in the woods #
{ 那麼,如果是行家看文章,
作者只要先陳列一個觀點,
後面再說,如果他正確的話,
那麼,必然會怎麼怎麼樣,
這一定是一種批判,一種批評,
對觀點的批評。}
# 虛擬語氣 / 假設語氣
三個獨特用法,123。
{ 彷彿,委婉批評,歸謬法批判 } #
# 帰謬法きびゅうほう reductio ad absurdum
背理法(はいりほう、英:proof by contradiction,reduction to the absurd,indirect proof, apagogical argumentなど、羅:reductio ad absurdum)とは、ある命題Pを証明したいときに、Pが偽であると仮定して、そこから矛盾を導くことにより、Pが偽であるという仮定が誤り、つまりPは真であると結論付けることである。帰謬法(きびゅうほう)とも言う。
# a method of proving a proposition, called reductio ad absurdum #