第二部分 句法
考点十八状语从句
1.时间状语从句
1)由when 、 while、as（当……时候）引导的时间状语从句。
When jack got home , his mother was cooking .
2)由after/ before (在….之后/ 前)引导的时间状语从句。
The football match played after school was over .
3)由as soon as (一…..就……)引导的时间状语从句。
I’ll ring you as soon as I reach Beijing .
4)由not….until（直到…..才…..）引导的时间状语从句。
They didn’t stop until they finished the work .
2.原因状语从句
由because 、since 、as（因为、既然、由于）引导的原因状语从句。
Since you have known about that , please tell us what to do .
3.地点状语从句
由where, anywhere, everywhere, wherever（无论在哪儿） 引导的地点状语从句。
Wherever he goes , he always brings his pet dog .
The school was built where there had once been a cemetery.
4.目的状语从句
由so that, in order that (以便、为的是)引导目的状语从句。
He got up very early so that he could catch the early bus .
5.条件状语从句
由if或unless 引导条件状语从句。
I won’t go to his party unless I am invited .
6.比较状语从句
由than、 as…as、not as……as 引导比较状语从句。
There are more students in our class than in theirs .
7.让步状语从句
由though 、even though/ if 、although引导让步状语从句。
Although he didn’t pass the exam ,his father didn’t get angry with him .
8.方式状语从句
由as if (好像)引导方式状语从句。
He talked about that as if he knew everything .
9.结果状语从句
由so…that…、such….that…（如此…..以致于…）引导结果状语从句。
It was raining so hard that we couldn’t see the road .
考点十九宾语从句
一、基本用法
1.概念：在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。
He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语)
Miss Zhang is angry at what you said.
2.连接词
(1)陈述句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用that，口语中常常省略。
She told me (that) she would like to go with us.
(2)以 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句, 主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序
I wonder if /whether you have told the news to Li Lei .
【注意】一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用， 但有些情况例外。
a. 当从句做介词的宾语时只用whether 不用if
We are talking about whether we'llaccept his suggestion.
b. 引导词与动词不定式或 not 连用时， 只用whether.
You'd better decide for yourself whether to go or not.
(3)特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用特殊疑问词，引导词后要用陈述句语序。
Could you tell me what's the matter\wrong with you?
3.宾语从句时态
a.当主句是一般现在时，一般将来时或祈使句时，从句不受主句的限制，根据自身的需要选用相应的时态。例如：
Do you know（if/whether he has seen the film）?
b.当主句是一般过去时，从句要用过去时的相应时态。例如：
I didn't know （if/whether he had seen the film.）
【注意】当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如：
He said （that the earth moves round the sun.）
二、宾语从句的转化
1.当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：
She agreed that she could help me with my maths.
→She agreed to help me with my maths.
2.当主句的谓语动词是know, learn, forget, remember, decide等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾语时，主从句的主语也须一致这时从句可以简化成“疑问词＋不定式结构”。例如：
I don't know which sweater I should buy.→I don't know which sweater to buy.
考点二十主语从句
一、主语从句的引导词
1. that引导
That he is still alive is a wonder.
That we shall be late is certain.
2. whether引导
Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen.
Whether they would support us was a problem.
3. 连接代词引导
Whoever is top from wins the game when two matched players meet.
Whichever (of you) comes in first will receive a prize.
Whichever you want is yours.
4. 连接副词引导
When we arrive doesn’t matter.
How it was done was a mystery.
5. 关系代词型what引导
What we need is money.
What I want to know is this.
二、主语从句与形式主语it
有时为了考虑句子平衡，通常在主语从句处使用形式主语it，而将真正的主语从句移至句末。这分三种情况：
(1) 对于以连词that引导的主语从句，通常用形式主语it代主语从句：
It’s a pity that he didn’t come. 很遗憾他没来。
It is important that he should know about this. 他必须知道此事。
(2) 对于以连接代词(副词)引导的主语从句，可以使用形式主语代主语从句，也可直接在句首使用主语从句：
Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。
It was a problem whether they would support us. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。
(3) 对关系代词型what引导的主语从句，通常直接将主语从句放在句首。如：
What we need is money. 我们需要的是钱。
What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是这一点。
有时也可用形式主语。如：
It is clear enough what he meant. 他是什么意思很清楚。
三、连词that的省略问题
引导主语从句的连词that 有时可省，有时不能省，其原则是：若that引导的主语从句直接位于句首，则that不能省略；若that引导的主语从句位于句末，而在句首使用了形式主语it，则that可以省略：
That you didn’t go to the talk was a pity. 很遗憾你没去听报告。(that不可省)
It was a pity (that) you didn’t go to the talk. 很遗憾你没去听报告。(that可省)
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