编写一个可以从 1 到 n 输出代表这个数字的字符串的程序,但是:
如果这个数字可以被 3 整除,输出 "fizz"。
如果这个数字可以被 5 整除,输出 "buzz"。
如果这个数字可以同时被 3 和 5 整除,输出 "fizzbuzz"。
例如,当 n = 15,输出: 1, 2, fizz, 4, buzz, fizz, 7, 8, fizz, buzz, 11, fizz, 13, 14, fizzbuzz。
假设有这么一个类:
class FizzBuzz {
public FizzBuzz(int n) { ... } // constructor
public void fizz(printFizz) { ... } // only output "fizz"
public void buzz(printBuzz) { ... } // only output "buzz"
public void fizzbuzz(printFizzBuzz) { ... } // only output "fizzbuzz"
public void number(printNumber) { ... } // only output the numbers
}
请你实现一个有四个线程的多线程版 FizzBuzz, 同一个 FizzBuzz 实例会被如下四个线程使用:
线程A将调用 fizz() 来判断是否能被 3 整除,如果可以,则输出 fizz。
线程B将调用 buzz() 来判断是否能被 5 整除,如果可以,则输出 buzz。
线程C将调用 fizzbuzz() 来判断是否同时能被 3 和 5 整除,如果可以,则输出 fizzbuzz。
线程D将调用 number() 来实现输出既不能被 3 整除也不能被 5 整除的数字。
写法1:使用信号量进行线程间的阻塞
class FizzBuzz {
private int n;
private volatile int flag = 1;
Semaphore s = new Semaphore(1);
public FizzBuzz(int n) {
this.n = n;
}
// printFizz.run() outputs "fizz".
public void fizz(Runnable printFizz) throws InterruptedException {
for(;;) {
try{
s.acquire();
if(flag > n){
return;
}
if(flag % 3 == 0 && flag % 5 != 0){
printFizz.run();
flag++;
}
} finally{
s.release();
}
}
}
// printBuzz.run() outputs "buzz".
public void buzz(Runnable printBuzz) throws InterruptedException {
for(;;) {
try{
s.acquire();
if(flag > n){
return;
}
if(flag % 5 == 0 && flag % 3 != 0){
printBuzz.run();
flag++;
}
} finally{
s.release();
}
}
}
// printFizzBuzz.run() outputs "fizzbuzz".
public void fizzbuzz(Runnable printFizzBuzz) throws InterruptedException {
for(;;) {
try{
s.acquire();
if(flag > n){
return;
}
if(flag % 15 == 0){
printFizzBuzz.run();
flag++;
}
} finally{
s.release();
}
}
}
// printNumber.accept(x) outputs "x", where x is an integer.
public void number(IntConsumer printNumber) throws InterruptedException {
for(;;) {
try{
s.acquire();
if(flag > n){
return;
}
if( flag % 5 != 0 && flag % 3 != 0){
printNumber.accept(flag);
flag++;
}
} finally{
s.release();
}
}
}
}
写法2:使用CyclicBarrier 进行线程间的阻塞
class FizzBuzz {
private int n;
private static CyclicBarrier barrier = new CyclicBarrier(4);
public FizzBuzz(int n) {
this.n = n;
}
// printFizz.run() outputs "fizz".
public void fizz(Runnable printFizz) throws InterruptedException {
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
if (i % 3 == 0 && i % 5 != 0) {
printFizz.run();
}
try {
barrier.await();
} catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
// printBuzz.run() outputs "buzz".
public void buzz(Runnable printBuzz) throws InterruptedException {
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
if (i % 3 != 0 && i % 5 == 0) {
printBuzz.run();
}
try {
barrier.await();
} catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
// printFizzBuzz.run() outputs "fizzbuzz".
public void fizzbuzz(Runnable printFizzBuzz) throws InterruptedException {
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
if (i % 3 == 0 && i % 5 == 0) {
printFizzBuzz.run();
}
try {
barrier.await();
} catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
// printNumber.accept(x) outputs "x", where x is an integer.
public void number(IntConsumer printNumber) throws InterruptedException {
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
if (i % 3 != 0 && i % 5 != 0) {
printNumber.accept(i);
}
try {
barrier.await();
} catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
写法3:利用原子类AtomicInteger
class FizzBuzz {
private int n;
private AtomicInteger ai = new AtomicInteger(1);
public FizzBuzz(int n) {
this.n = n;
}
// printFizz.run() outputs "fizz".
public void fizz(Runnable printFizz) throws InterruptedException {
while(ai.get() <= n){
int m = ai.get();
if(m > n){
break;
}
if(m % 3 == 0 && m % 5 != 0){
printFizz.run();
ai.incrementAndGet();
}
}
}
// printBuzz.run() outputs "buzz".
public void buzz(Runnable printBuzz) throws InterruptedException {
while(ai.get() <= n){
int m = ai.get();
if(m > n){
break;
}
if(m % 3 != 0 && m % 5 == 0){
printBuzz.run();
ai.incrementAndGet();
}
}
}
// printFizzBuzz.run() outputs "fizzbuzz".
public void fizzbuzz(Runnable printFizzBuzz) throws InterruptedException {
while(ai.get() <= n){
int m = ai.get();
if(m > n){
break;
}
if(m % 3 == 0 && m % 5 == 0){
printFizzBuzz.run();
ai.incrementAndGet();
}
}
}
// printNumber.accept(x) outputs "x", where x is an integer.
public void number(IntConsumer printNumber) throws InterruptedException {
while(ai.get() <= n){
int m = ai.get();
if(m > n){
break;
}
if(m % 3 != 0 && m % 5 != 0){
printNumber.accept(m);
ai.incrementAndGet();
}
}
}
}