Apache Avro是一个数据序列化框架，它通过定义json风格的schema文件来表示数据的格式

maven依赖

添加avro依赖，和avro自动生成代码插件maven依赖

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
  <artifactId>avro</artifactId>
  <version>1.9.1</version>
</dependency>
      
As well as the Avro Maven plugin (for performing code generation):

<plugin>
  <groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
  <artifactId>avro-maven-plugin</artifactId>
  <version>1.9.1</version>
  <executions>
    <execution>
      <phase>generate-sources</phase>
      <goals>
        <goal>schema</goal>
      </goals>
      <configuration>
        <sourceDirectory>${project.basedir}/src/main/avro/</sourceDirectory>
        <outputDirectory>${project.basedir}/src/main/java/</outputDirectory>
      </configuration>
    </execution>
  </executions>
</plugin>
<plugin>
  <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
  <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
  <configuration>
    <source>1.8</source>
    <target>1.8</target>
  </configuration>
</plugin>

如果有报snapy的错误可以添加如下依赖

   <dependency>
            <groupId>org.xerial.snappy</groupId>
            <artifactId>snappy-java</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.7.3</version>
        </dependency>

schema 文件

1. 在src/main下面创建一个avro的文件夹用于存放.avsc的schema文件
2. 在src/main/avro下创建一个user.avsc文件

user.avsc内容如下

{"namespace": "example.avro",
 "type": "record",
 "name": "User",
 "fields": [
     {"name": "name", "type": "string"},
     {"name": "favorite_number",  "type": ["int", "null"]},
     {"name": "favorite_color", "type": ["string", "null"]}
 ]
}

如下图编译会自动生成代码，代码生成的package路径是由schema文件中的namespace指定的，类名由name指定，如下图所示：

序列化和反序列化

• 使用生成的代码来进行序列化和反序列化
• 直接通过schema文件进行序列化和反序列化

使用生成的代码来进行序列化和反序列化demo

package example.avro;

import org.apache.avro.file.DataFileReader;
import org.apache.avro.file.DataFileWriter;
import org.apache.avro.io.DatumReader;
import org.apache.avro.io.DatumWriter;
import org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificDatumReader;
import org.apache.avro.specific.SpecificDatumWriter;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;

public class SpecificMain {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        User user1 = new User();
        user1.setName("Alyssa");
        user1.setFavoriteNumber(256);
        // Leave favorite color null

        // Alternate constructor
        User user2 = new User("Ben", 7, "red");

        // Construct via builder
        User user3 = User.newBuilder()
                .setName("Charlie")
                .setFavoriteColor("blue")
                .setFavoriteNumber(null)
                .build();
        //***** 序列化 ********
        DatumWriter<User> userDatumWriter = new SpecificDatumWriter<>(User.class);
        DataFileWriter<User> dataFileWriter = new DataFileWriter<>(userDatumWriter);
        dataFileWriter.create(user1.getSchema(), new File("/tmp/users.avro"));
        dataFileWriter.append(user1);
        dataFileWriter.append(user2);
        dataFileWriter.append(user3);
        dataFileWriter.close();

        //*****  反序列化 ******
        DatumReader<User> userDatumReader = new SpecificDatumReader<>(User.class);
        DataFileReader<User> dataFileReader = new DataFileReader<User>(new File("/tmp/users.avro"), userDatumReader);
        User user = null;
        while (dataFileReader.hasNext()) {
            // Reuse user object by passing it to next(). This saves us from
            // allocating and garbage collecting many objects for files with
            // many items.
            user = dataFileReader.next(user);
            System.out.println(user);
        }

    }
}

直接通过schema文件进行序列化和反序列化demo

package example.avro;

import org.apache.avro.Schema;
import org.apache.avro.file.DataFileReader;
import org.apache.avro.file.DataFileWriter;
import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericData;
import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumReader;
import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericDatumWriter;
import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericRecord;
import org.apache.avro.io.DatumReader;
import org.apache.avro.io.DatumWriter;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;

public class GenericMain {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        Schema schema = new Schema.Parser().parse(new File("user.avsc"));

        GenericRecord user1 = new GenericData.Record(schema);
        user1.put("name", "Alyssa");
        user1.put("favorite_number", 256);
        // Leave favorite color null

        GenericRecord user2 = new GenericData.Record(schema);
        user2.put("name", "Ben");
        user2.put("favorite_number", 7);
        user2.put("favorite_color", "red");


        File file = new File("/tmp/myusers.avro");
        DatumWriter<GenericRecord> datumWriter = new GenericDatumWriter<>(schema);
        DataFileWriter<GenericRecord> dataFileWriter = new DataFileWriter<>(datumWriter);
        dataFileWriter.create(schema, file);
        dataFileWriter.append(user1);
        dataFileWriter.append(user2);
        dataFileWriter.close();


        // Deserialize users from disk
        DatumReader<GenericRecord> datumReader = new GenericDatumReader<>(schema);
        DataFileReader<GenericRecord> dataFileReader = new DataFileReader<>(file, datumReader);
        GenericRecord user = null;
        while (dataFileReader.hasNext()) {
            // Reuse user object by passing it to next(). This saves us from
            // allocating and garbage collecting many objects for files with
            // many items.
            user = dataFileReader.next(user);
            System.out.println(user);
        }
    }
}