目录
一、定义
二、Stub(桩)和Mock名词解释
三、实操环境搭建
四、Demo实操
五、SpringBoot实操

一、定义

(1)spock是一款基于Groovy语言的单元测试框架，其基础也是Java的Junit。
(2)Mockito是一个模拟测试框架，可以用简洁的接口写出漂亮的单元测试。Mockito可以让单元测试易于可读，产生简洁的校验错误。
(3)TDD测试驱动开发要求我们先写单元测试，再写实现代码。在写单元测试用到Mockito类似的框架来完成资源、对象的模拟,避免由于各种依赖的关系导致的阻碍。
(4)如果你没有用过groovy，它的代码结构很清晰，即使你不懂代码的也可以看懂的。通过given、and、when、then, 可以看到它遵循了BDD（Behavior Driven Development）模式。
(5)以下是Spock和Junit的对比图和代码结构映射图

image-20210808184257480.png

二、Stub(桩)和Mock名词解释

(1)Stub也叫桩,最早出现在集成测试中,从上到下集成时,作为下方程序的代替。就像需要你的时候你就像“桩”一样出现举手就行。
(2)Mock有模拟的意思,可以理解为像一个傀儡的虚拟程序,可以按照测试者的逻辑返回被测对象想要获取的信息,要返回什么对象就返回什么对象。
(3)区别
--:Stub关注是状态,为了验证SUT(被测系统)调用目标系统后的状态；而Mock关注交互行为,为了验证SUT(被测系统)调用目标系统接口的交互行为。
--:粗粒度的测试,例如集成测试可以使用Stub,Mock适合单元测试,运行速度快,测试覆盖率高

三、实操环境搭建

1.maven配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.test</groupId>
    <artifactId>spock-demo</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <springboot.version>1.5.10.RELEASE</springboot.version>
    </properties>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.5.10.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>

    <!--springboot + web-->
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
            <version>${springboot.version}</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-logging</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>

        <!--　aop +　日志　-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-log4j2</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-aop</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!--若是Junit4.x以下,则jmockit依赖需要在junit4之前-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.jmockit</groupId>
            <artifactId>jmockit</artifactId>
            <version>1.30</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Junit单元测试 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--spock-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.spockframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spock-core</artifactId>
            <version>1.2-groovy-2.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Spock需要的groovy依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.codehaus.groovy</groupId>
            <artifactId>groovy-all</artifactId>
            <version>2.4.15</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- spring集成spock -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.spockframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spock-spring</artifactId>
            <version>1.2-groovy-2.4</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-test</artifactId>
            <version>1.5.10.RELEASE</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>


        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <version>1.5.10.RELEASE</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <artifactId>xmlbeans</artifactId>
                    <groupId>org.apache.xmlbeans</groupId>
                </exclusion>
                <exclusion>
                    <artifactId>json-path</artifactId>
                    <groupId>com.jayway.jsonpath</groupId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>


        <!--mybatis-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--mysql驱动-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.18</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <includeSystemScope>true</includeSystemScope>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.mybatis.generator</groupId>
                <artifactId>mybatis-generator-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>1.3.7</version>
                <configuration>
                    <verbose>true</verbose>
                    <overwrite>true</overwrite>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

2.使用工具

Idea + maven3.6.3 + JDK1.8

四、Demo实操

1.创建第一个Spock单元测试类

将Spock的单测放于src/test/groovy文件夹下，且以“*Spec”命名

image-20210808190106171.png

2.DemoSpec.groovy代码

package com.fong


import spock.lang.Specification
import spock.lang.Unroll

/**
 * @author yzfang*
 * @date 2021/8/6 - 10:54
 */
class DemoSpec extends Specification{
    //增强方法: setupSpec()方法在setup()方法前运行,cleanupSpec()在cleanup()方法后运行
    //before setup
    def setupSpec() {
        println ("setupSpec");
    }

    //setup
    def setup() {
        println ("setup");
    }

    //cleanup
    def cleanup() {
        println ("cleanup");
    }

    //after cleanup
    def cleanupSpec() {
        println ("cleanupSpec");
    }

    //测试方法
    def "testMethod"() {
        println "hello world"
        expect:"期望结果"
        1<2
    }
    def "method1"() {
        expect:"期望结果"
        Math.max(1, 3) == 3
        Math.max(7, 3) == 7
        Math.max(0, 0) == 0
    }

    def "method2"() {
        given:"准备变量"
        def a = 1
        def b = 2

        expect:"期望结果"
        a < b
    }

    def "method3"() {
        given:"准备变量"
        def num1 = 10
        def num2 = 20

        when:"调用"
        def res1 = Math.abs(num1);
        def res2 = -Math.abs(num2);

        then:"期望结果"
        res1 == 10
        res2 == -20
    }

    def "method4"() {
        given:"准备变量"
        String str = "aaabbbcd"

        when:"调用方法"
        def res1 = str.contains(str1)
        def res2 = str.contains(str2)

        then:"期望结果"
        res1 == true
        res2 == true

        where:"批量测试数据"
        str1  |   str2
        "aaa" |   "bbb"
        "ab"  |   "cd"
    }

    //控制台可以看到更加具体的报错信息,显示第几组数据测试失败
    @Unroll
    def "method5"(){
        given:"准备变量"
        String str="aaabbbcd"

        when:"调用方法"
        def res1=str.contains(str1)
        def res2=str.contains(str2)

        then:"期望结果"
        res1==true
        res2==true

        where:
        str1    |str2
        "aaa"   |"bbb"
        "ab"    |"bc"
        "ccdf"  |"g"
    }
}

五、SpringBoot实操

1.SpringBootSpec.groovy

package com.fong

import com.fong.model.pojo.User
import com.fong.service.UserService
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest
import org.springframework.test.annotation.Rollback
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional
import spock.lang.Specification
import spock.lang.Unroll

/**
 * @author yzfang
 * @date 2021/8/6 - 15:55
 */
@SpringBootTest
class SpringBootSpec extends Specification{
    @Autowired
    UserService userService

    @Unroll
    @Transactional
    @Rollback
    def "method6"() {
        given:
        User user = new User()
        user.setId(id);
        user.setUsername(username)
        user.setPassword(password)
        userService.insertUser(user)

        when:
        User res = userService.getUserById(id);

        then:
        res.getId() == id
        res.getUsername() == username
        res.getPassword() == password

        where:
        id << [1, 2, 3]
        username << ["张三", "李四", "赵五"]
        password << ["123", "123", "234"]

    }
    //类似于这种写法
    //id  |username  |password
    //1   |"张三"     |"123"
    //2   |"李四"     |"123"
    //3   |"赵五"     |"234"
}

2.UserController.java

package com.fong.controller;

import com.fong.common.ApiRestResponse;
import com.fong.exception.SpockException;
import com.fong.exception.SpockExceptionEnum;
import com.fong.model.pojo.User;
import com.fong.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

/**
 * @author yzfang
 * @date 2021/8/6 - 14:49
 */
@Controller
public class UserController {

    @Autowired
    UserService userService;

    @GetMapping("/user/get")
    @ResponseBody
    public User getUserByid(@RequestParam("id") Integer id) {
        return userService.getUserById(id);
    }

    @PostMapping("/user/insert")
    @ResponseBody
    public ApiRestResponse register(@RequestParam("username") String username,
                                    @RequestParam("password") String password) throws SpockException {
        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(username)) {
            return ApiRestResponse.error(SpockExceptionEnum.NEED_USER_NAME);
        }
        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(password)) {
            return ApiRestResponse.error(SpockExceptionEnum.NEED_PASSWORD);
        }
        User user = new User();
        user.setUsername(username);
        user.setPassword(password);
        userService.insertUser(user);
        return ApiRestResponse.success();
    }
}

3.UserMapper.java

@Repository
public interface UserMapper {
    User getUserById(Integer id);
    void insertUser(User user);
}

4.User.java

package com.fong.model.pojo;


public class User {
    private Integer id;
    private String username;
    private String password;

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }
    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }
    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }
    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", username='" + username + '\'' +
                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

5.运行结果

image-20210808191112761.png