JSON是目前最流行的一种数据交换格式，对于它我们有必要非常熟悉它的各方面知识，这次我们来看看它的格式类型有哪些。
数据交换格式方式
基本类型
数组类型
对象嵌套
案例实操
基本类型
{"键" : 值, "键" : "值",...}，以大括号开始，键的名称加上冒号，然后跟上对应的的值，若有其他键值对则以逗号进行分割。
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="json" cid="n17" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">{
"name": "张三",
"age": 18,
"sex": true
}</pre>
数组类型
[{"键" : 值, "键" : "值"},{"键" : 值, "键" : "值"},...]，以中括号开始，其间的数据通过逗号进行分割。
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="json" cid="n21" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">[
{
"name": "张三",
"age": 18,
"sex": true
},
{
"name": "李四",
"age": 19,
"sex": false
}
]</pre>
对象嵌套
由上面两种类型，因为值的不固定性，可以演变出各种各样的嵌套类型。
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="json" cid="n25" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">{
"name": "teacher",
"computer": {
"CPU":"intel7,
"disk": "512G"
},
"students": [
{
"name": "张三",
"age": 18,
"sex": true
},
{
"name": "李四",
"age": 19,
"sex": false
}
]
}</pre>
更多细节以及要注意的格式还可以直接在JSON官网查看。
扩展~XML
XML也是一种数据交换格式，它不是指一门语言，而是指跨语言的数据格式，目前JSON正慢慢取代它的地位，但在各个地方我们还是能经常见到，所以了解它也是我们的必修之课，我们也来看看它的语法格式规则。
所有 XML 元素都须有关闭标签
在 HTML，经常会看到没有关闭标签的元素：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="html" cid="n32" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><p>This is a paragraph
<p>This is another paragraph</pre>
在 XML 中，省略关闭标签是非法的。所有元素都必须有关闭标签：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="xml" cid="n34" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><p>This is a paragraph</p>
<p>This is another paragraph</p> </pre>
注释：您也许已经注意到 XML 声明没有关闭标签。这不是错误。声明不属于XML本身的组成部分。它不是 XML 元素，也不需要关闭标签。
XML 标签对大小写敏感
XML 元素使用 XML 标签进行定义。
XML 标签对大小写敏感。在 XML 中，标签 <Letter> 与标签 <letter> 是不同的。
必须使用相同的大小写来编写打开标签和关闭标签：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="xml" cid="n40" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><Message>这是错误的。</message>
<message>这是正确的。</message> </pre>
注释：打开标签和关闭标签通常被称为开始标签和结束标签。不论您喜欢哪种术语，它们的概念都是相同的。
XML 必须正确地嵌套
在 HTML 中，常会看到没有正确嵌套的元素：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="xml" cid="n44" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><b><i>This text is bold and italic</b></i></pre>
在 XML 中，所有元素都必须彼此正确地嵌套：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="xml" cid="n46" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><b><i>This text is bold and italic</i></b></pre>
在上例中，正确嵌套的意思是：由于 <i> 元素是在 <b> 元素内打开的，那么它必须在 <b> 元素内关闭。
XML 文档必须有根元素
XML 文档必须有一个元素是所有其他元素的父元素。该元素称为根元素。
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="xml" cid="n50" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><root>
<child>
<subchild>.....</subchild>
</child>
</root></pre>
XML 的属性值须加引号
与 HTML 类似，XML 也可拥有属性（名称/值的对）。
在 XML 中，XML 的属性值须加引号。请研究下面的两个 XML 文档。第一个是错误的，第二个是正确的：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="xml" cid="n54" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><note date=08/08/2008>
<to>George</to>
<from>John</from>
</note>
<note date="08/08/2008">
<to>George</to>
<from>John</from>
</note> </pre>
在第一个文档中的错误是，note 元素中的 date 属性没有加引号。
