LNMP优化

nginx优化

nginx.conf

#user nobody;

worker_processes 4;

#error_log logs/error.log;

#error_log logs/error.log notice;

#error_log logs/error.log info;

#pid logs/nginx.pid;

events {

use epoll;

worker_connections 65535;

multi_accept on;

}

http {

include mime.types;

default_type application/octet-stream;

#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '

# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '

# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

#access_log logs/access.log main;

sendfile on;

tcp_nopush on;

#keepalive_timeout 0;

keepalive_timeout 65;

tcp_nodelay on;

client_header_buffer_size 4k;

open_file_cache max=1024 inactive=20s;

open_file_cache_valid 30s;

open_file_cache_min_uses 1;

client_header_timeout 15;

client_body_timeout 15;

reset_timedout_connection on;

send_timeout 15;

server_tokens off;

client_max_body_size 10m;

#gzip on;

#fastcgi

fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;

fastcgi_send_timeout 300;

fastcgi_read_timeout 300;

fastcgi_buffer_size 32k;

fastcgi_buffers 4 32k;

fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 32k;

fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 32k;

gzip on;

gzip_min_length 1k;

gzip_buffers 4 16k;

gzip_http_version 1.0;

gzip_comp_level 6;

gzip_types text/plain application/javascript application/x-javascript text/javascript text/xml text/css;

gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6]\.";

gzip_vary on;

server {

listen 80;

server_name localhost;

#charset koi8-r;

#access_log logs/host.access.log main;

location / {

root html;

index index.html index.htm;

}

#error_page 404 /404.html;

# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html

error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;

location = /50x.html {

root html;

}

# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80

#location ~ \.php$ {

# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;

# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000

#location ~ \.php$ {

# root html;

# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;

# fastcgi_index index.php;

# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;

# include fastcgi_params;

# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root

# concurs with nginx's one

#location ~ /\.ht {

# deny all;

}

# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration

#server {

# listen 8000;

# listen somename:8080;

# server_name somename alias another.alias;

# location / {

# root html;

# index index.html index.htm;

# }

# HTTPS server

#server {

# listen 443 ssl;

# server_name localhost;

# ssl_certificate cert.pem;

# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;

# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;

# ssl_session_timeout 5m;

# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;

# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

# location / {

# root html;

# index index.html index.htm;

# }

include vhost/*.conf;

}

php-fpm优化

一般是/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

php7.0.1是修改

/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf

查看当前php-fpm总进程数，命令：

ps -ylC php-fpm --sort:rss

ps -fe |grep "php-fpm"|grep "pool"|wc -l

其中RSS就是占用的内存情况。

查看当前php-fpm进程的内存占用情况及启动时间，命令如下：

ps -e -o 'pid,comm,args,pcpu,rsz,vsz,stime,user,uid'|grep www|sort -nrk5

从下图可以看出当前php-fpm所有进程平均每个进程占用了60-70MB的内存，启动时间，是当天的话就是3：12，否则会显示是X月X日。

查看当前php-fpm进程平均占用内存情况，一般来说一个php-fpm进程占用的内存为30-40MB，本次查询的结果是60MB，显然是多了。命令如下：

ps --no-headers -o "rss,cmd" -C php-fpm | awk '{ sum+=$1 } END { printf ("%d%s\n", sum/NR/1024,"M") }'

php-fpm.conf几个重要的参数说明如下：

pm = dynamic #指定进程管理方式，有3种可供选择：static、dynamic和ondemand。

pm.max_children = 16 #static模式下创建的子进程数或dynamic模式下同一时刻允许最大的php-fpm子进程数量。

pm.start_servers = 10 #动态方式下的起始php-fpm进程数量。

pm.min_spare_servers = 8 #动态方式下服务器空闲时最小php-fpm进程数量。

pm.max_spare_servers = 16 #动态方式下服务器空闲时最大php-fpm进程数量。

pm.max_requests = 2000 #php-fpm子进程能处理的最大请求数。

pm.process_idle_timeout = 10s

request_terminate_timeout = 120

pm三种进程管理模式说明如下：

pm = static，始终保持一个固定数量的子进程，这个数由pm.max_children定义，这种方式很不灵活，也通常不是默认的。

pm = dynamic，启动时会产生固定数量的子进程（由pm.start_servers控制）可以理解成最小子进程数，而最大子进程数则由pm.max_children去控制，

子进程数会在最大和最小数范围中变化。闲置的子进程数还可以由另2个配置控制，分别是pm.min_spare_servers和pm.max_spare_servers。

如果闲置的子进程超出了pm.max_spare_servers，则会被杀掉。小于pm.min_spare_servers则会启动进程（注意，pm.max_spare_servers应小于pm.max_children）。

pm = ondemand，这种模式和pm = dynamic相反，把内存放在第一位，每个闲置进程在持续闲置了pm.process_idle_timeout秒后就会被杀掉，

如果服务器长时间没有请求，就只会有一个php-fpm主进程。弊端是遇到高峰期或者如果pm.process_idle_timeout的值太短的话，

容易出现504 Gateway Time-out错误，因此pm = dynamic和pm = ondemand谁更适合视实际情况而定。

三、解决php-fpm进程占用内存大问题

3.1调整管理模式

static管理模式适合比较大内存的服务器，而dynamic则适合小内存的服务器，你可以设置一个pm.min_spare_servers和pm.max_spare_servers合理范围，这样进程数会不断变动。

ondemand模式则更加适合微小内存，例如512MB或者256MB内存，以及对可用性要求不高的环境。

3.2减少php-fpm进程数

如果你的VPS主机的内存被占用耗尽，可以检查一下你的php-fpm进程数，按照php-fpm进程数=内存/2/30来计算，1GB内存适合的php-fpm进程数为10-20之间，具体还得根据你的PHP加载的附加组件有关系。

3.3php-fpm配置示例

这里以1GB内存的VPS配置php-fpm为演示，实际操作来看设置数值还得根据服务器本身的性能、PHP等综合考虑。

pm = dynamic #dynamic和ondemand适合小内存。

pm.max_children = 15 #static模式下生效，dynamic不生效。

pm.start_servers = 8 #dynamic模式下开机的进程数量。

pm.min_spare_servers = 6 #dynamic模式下最小php-fpm进程数量。

pm.max_spare_servers = 15 #dynamic模式下最大php-fpm进程数量。

四、解决php-fpm进程不释放内存问题

上面通过减少php-fpm进程总数来达到减少php-fpm内存占用的问题，实际使用过程中发现php-fpm进程还存长期占用内存而不释放的问题。解决的方法就是减少pm.max_requests数。

最大请求数max_requests，即当一个 PHP-CGI 进程处理的请求数累积到 max_requests 个后，自动重启该进程，这样达到了释放内存的目的了。

以1GB内存的VPS主机设置为例（如果你设置的数值没有达到释放内存可以继续调低）：

pm.max_requests = 500

当php-fpm进程达到了pm.max_requests设定的数值后，就会重启该进程，从而释放内存。

五、总结

对于大内存以及对并发和可用性要求的话，建议使用static管理模式+最大的pm.max_children。

如果是小内存的服务器，建议使用dynamic或者ondemand模式，同时降低pm.start_servers和pm.max_spare_servers进程数。

为什么我调整了参数没有达到应有的效果？根据wzfou.com的经验，php-fpm配置文件参数不能一概而论，必须要结合服务器自身的性能、WEB动态内容以及对可用性的要求来进行调整，

内存长期占用最好是再检查一下是否有内存泄露。

数据库优化

/etc/my.cnf

# For advice on how to change settings please see

# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

# *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It's a template which will be copied to the

# *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you

# *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL.

[mysqld]

basedir = /usr/local/mysql

datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data

server_id = 1

socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

log-error = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.err

slow_query_log = 1

slow_query_log_file=/usr/local/mysql/data/slow-query.log

long_query_time = 1

log-queries-not-using-indexes

max_connections = 1024

back_log = 128

wait_timeout = 60

interactive_timeout = 7200

key_buffer_size = 256M

query_cache_size = 256M

query_cache_type = 1

query_cache_limit = 50M

max_connect_errors = 20

sort_buffer_size = 2M

max_allowed_packet = 32M

join_buffer_size = 2M

thread_cache_size = 200

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2048M

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1

innodb_log_buffer_size = 32M

innodb_log_file_size = 128M

innodb_log_files_in_group = 3

log-bin=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqlbin

binlog_cache_size = 2M

max_binlog_cache_size = 8M

max_binlog_size = 512M

expire_logs_days = 7

read_buffer_size = 1M

read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M

bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M

# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data

# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.

# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M

# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging

# changes to the binary log between backups.

# log_bin

# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.

# basedir = .....

# datadir = .....

# port = .....

# server_id = .....

# socket = .....

# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.

# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.

# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.

# join_buffer_size = 128M

# sort_buffer_size = 2M

# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES