原题
给定一组 n 个不同大小的 nuts 和 n 个不同大小的 bolts。nuts 和 bolts 一一匹配。 不允许将 nut 之间互相比较,也不允许将 bolt 之间互相比较。也就是说,只许将 nut 与 bolt 进行比较, 或将 bolt 与 nut 进行比较。请比较 nut 与 bolt 的大小。
样例
Nuts 用一个string数组表示 nuts [] = ['ab','bc','dd','gg']. Bolts 也用一个string数组表示 bolts[] = ['AB','GG', 'DD', 'BC']. 我们将提供一个比较函数,以比较 nut 与 bolt 的大小。将 nuts 进行升序排序,使得 nuts 与 bolts 位置对等。
比如 nuts = ['ab','bc','dd','gg'], bolts = ['BC','AA','DD','GG']
解题思路
- Selection Sort - 利用partition的思想
因为Nuts之间,Bolts之间都是不能相互比较的,所以思路就是随机选择一个Nut来partition Bolts然后再反过来用那个已经在正确位置的Bolt来partition Nuts - 初始:cc aa dd bb
- 随机找到BB,partition之后
- aa bb cc dd (cc, dd的顺序不确定)
- 之后再拿bb去反过来partition,得到
- AA BB DD CC
- 递归向下,分别左右sort
- 注意比较的时候compare函数只能
- partition函数的执行过程,模拟
pivot是4,通过for循环找到,交换到第一位,并记住pivot_partner = 4
开始:[4, 3, 2, 9, 5]
5 > 4: [5, 3, 2, 9, 5]
3 < 4: [5, 3, 2, 9, 3]
9 > 4: [5, 9, 2, 9 , 3]
2 < 4: [5, 9, 2, 2, 3]
此时L在二号位,让nums[L] = pivot_partner
[5, 9, 4, 2, 3] =>保证了4前面都是大于4的,后面都是小于4的
完整代码
# class Comparator:
# def cmp(self, a, b)
# You can use Compare.cmp(a, b) to compare nuts "a" and bolts "b",
# if "a" is bigger than "b", it will return 1, else if they are equal,
# it will return 0, else if "a" is smaller than "b", it will return -1.
# When "a" is not a nut or "b" is not a bolt, it will return 2, which is not valid.
class Solution:
# @param nuts: a list of integers
# @param bolts: a list of integers
# @param compare: a instance of Comparator
# @return: nothing
def sortNutsAndBolts(self, nuts, bolts, compare):
# write your code here
if nuts == [] or bolts == [] or compare is None:
return
self.compare = compare
self.quickSort(nuts, bolts, 0, len(nuts) - 1)
def quickSort(self, nuts, bolts, left, right):
if left >= right:
return
split_nut_pos = self.partition(nuts, bolts[left], left, right)
split_bolt_pos = self.partition(bolts, nuts[split_nut_pos], left, right)
self.quickSort(nuts, bolts, left, split_nut_pos - 1)
self.quickSort(nuts, bolts, split_nut_pos + 1, right)
def partition(self, items, pivot, left, right):
if items == [] or pivot == None:
return
# 首先把pivot换到数组的第一个位置
for i in range(left, right + 1):
if self.compare.cmp(pivot, items[i]) == 0 \
or self.compare.cmp(items[i], pivot) == 0:
items[left], items[i] = items[i], items[left]
break
# 如果pivot是AA,此时pivot_partner就是aa
pivot_partner = items[left]
while left < right:
while left < right and \
(self.compare.cmp(pivot, items[right]) == -1 \
or self.compare.cmp(items[right], pivot) == 1):
right -= 1
items[left] = items[right]
while left < right and \
(self.compare.cmp(pivot, items[left]) == 1 \
or self.compare.cmp(items[left], pivot) == -1):
left += 1
items[right] = items[left]
items[left] = pivot_partner
return left