定义
1976年，美国学者Dime和Henman为解决信息公开传送和密钥管理问题，提出一种新的密钥交换协议，允许在不安全的媒体上的通讯双方交换信息，安全地达成一致的密钥，这就是“公开密钥系统”。
简介：
- 非对称加密算法又称
现代加密算法。 - 非对称加密是计算机通信安全的基石，保证了加密数据
不会被破解。 - 与对称加密算法不同，非对称加密算法需要两个密钥：
公开密钥(publickey)和私有密(privatekey) - 公开密钥和私有密钥是
一对 - 如果用
公开密钥对数据进行加密，只有用对应的私有密钥才能解密。 - 如果用
私有密钥对数据进行加密，只有用对应的公开密钥才能解密。 - 因为加密和解密使用的是两个
不同的密钥，所以这种算法叫作非对称加密算法。
即：
1.A要向B发送信息，A和B都要产生一对用于加密和解密的公钥和私钥
2.A的私钥保密，A的公钥告诉B；B的私钥保密，B的公钥告诉A。
3.A要给B发送信息时，A用B的公钥加密信息，因为A知道B的公钥。
4.A将这个消息发给B（已经用B的公钥加密消息）。
5.B收到这个消息后，B用自己的私钥解密A的消息。其他所有收到这个报文的人都无法解密，因为只有B才有B的私钥。
特点
算法强度复杂，安全性依赖于算法与密钥。
缺点
由于其算法复杂，而使得加密解密速度没有对称加密解密的速度快。
与对称加密算法的对比
- 优点：其安全性更好，对称加密的通信双方使用相同的秘钥，如果一方的秘钥遭泄露，那么整个通信就会被破解。而非对称加密使用一对秘钥，一个用来加密，一个用来解密，而且公钥是公开的，秘钥是自己保存的，不需要像对称加密那样在通信之前要先同步秘钥。
- 缺点：非对称加密的缺点是加密和解密花费时间长、速度慢，只适合对少量数据进行加密。
在非对称加密中使用的主要算法有：RSA、Elgamal、ESA、背包算法、Rabin、D-H、ECC（椭圆曲线加密算法）等。不同算法的实现机制不同，可参考对应算法的详细资料。
经典算法-->RSA
RSA算法基于一个十分简单的数论事实：将两个大质数（素数）相乘十分容易，但是想要对其乘积进行因式分解却极其困难，因此可以将乘积公开作为加密密钥。比如：取两个简单的质数：89、97，得到两者乘积很简单8633；但是要想对8633进行因式分解，其工作量成几何增加。
使用场景：
-
支付宝开放平台的支付业务
支付宝会让你生成公私钥(openssl可以直接生成)，私钥放在自己的服务端(切记)，公钥上传到支付宝的商户平台，
拿到订单信息的时候，请求服务端通过私钥签名后的订单信息，
然后调用支付宝的sdk，支付宝会拿公钥来验签，验证成功之后才会进入支付选项。 -
Https网络请求的SSL层
SSL层的简单过程如下:
Https传输简单示意图
RSA应用场景：
由于RSA算法的加密解密速度要比对称算法速度慢很多，在实际应用中，通常采取
数据本身的加密和解密使用对称加密算法(AES)。
用RSA算法加密并传输对称算法所需的密钥。
@interface RSA : NSObject
// return base64 encoded string
+ (NSString *)encryptString:(NSString *)str publicKey:(NSString *)pubKey;
// return raw data
+ (NSData *)encryptData:(NSData *)data publicKey:(NSString *)pubKey;
// return base64 encoded string
+ (NSString *)encryptString:(NSString *)str privateKey:(NSString *)privKey;
// return raw data
+ (NSData *)encryptData:(NSData *)data privateKey:(NSString *)privKey;
// decrypt base64 encoded string, convert result to string(not base64 encoded)
+ (NSString *)decryptString:(NSString *)str publicKey:(NSString *)pubKey;
+ (NSData *)decryptData:(NSData *)data publicKey:(NSString *)pubKey;
+ (NSString *)decryptString:(NSString *)str privateKey:(NSString *)privKey;
+ (NSData *)decryptData:(NSData *)data privateKey:(NSString *)privKey;
@end
#import "RSA.h"
#import <Security/Security.h>
@implementation RSA
static NSString *base64_encode_data(NSData *data){
data = [data base64EncodedDataWithOptions:0];
NSString *ret = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
return ret;
}
static NSData *base64_decode(NSString *str){
NSData *data = [[NSData alloc] initWithBase64EncodedString:str options:NSDataBase64DecodingIgnoreUnknownCharacters];
return data;
}
+ (NSData *)stripPublicKeyHeader:(NSData *)d_key{
// Skip ASN.1 public key header
if (d_key == nil) return(nil);
unsigned long len = [d_key length];
if (!len) return(nil);
unsigned char *c_key = (unsigned char *)[d_key bytes];
unsigned int idx = 0;
if (c_key[idx++] != 0x30) return(nil);
if (c_key[idx] > 0x80) idx += c_key[idx] - 0x80 + 1;
else idx++;
// PKCS #1 rsaEncryption szOID_RSA_RSA
static unsigned char seqiod[] =
{ 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01,
0x01, 0x05, 0x00 };
if (memcmp(&c_key[idx], seqiod, 15)) return(nil);
idx += 15;
if (c_key[idx++] != 0x03) return(nil);
if (c_key[idx] > 0x80) idx += c_key[idx] - 0x80 + 1;
else idx++;
if (c_key[idx++] != '\0') return(nil);
// Now make a new NSData from this buffer
return([NSData dataWithBytes:&c_key[idx] length:len - idx]);
}
//credit: http://hg.mozilla.org/services/fx-home/file/tip/Sources/NetworkAndStorage/CryptoUtils.m#l1036
+ (NSData *)stripPrivateKeyHeader:(NSData *)d_key{
// Skip ASN.1 private key header
if (d_key == nil) return(nil);
unsigned long len = [d_key length];
if (!len) return(nil);
unsigned char *c_key = (unsigned char *)[d_key bytes];
unsigned int idx = 22; //magic byte at offset 22
if (0x04 != c_key[idx++]) return nil;
//calculate length of the key
unsigned int c_len = c_key[idx++];
int det = c_len & 0x80;
if (!det) {
c_len = c_len & 0x7f;
} else {
int byteCount = c_len & 0x7f;
if (byteCount + idx > len) {
//rsa length field longer than buffer
return nil;
}
unsigned int accum = 0;
unsigned char *ptr = &c_key[idx];
idx += byteCount;
while (byteCount) {
accum = (accum << 8) + *ptr;
ptr++;
byteCount--;
}
c_len = accum;
}
// Now make a new NSData from this buffer
return [d_key subdataWithRange:NSMakeRange(idx, c_len)];
}
+ (SecKeyRef)addPublicKey:(NSString *)key{
NSRange spos = [key rangeOfString:@"-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----"];
NSRange epos = [key rangeOfString:@"-----END PUBLIC KEY-----"];
if(spos.location != NSNotFound && epos.location != NSNotFound){
NSUInteger s = spos.location + spos.length;
NSUInteger e = epos.location;
NSRange range = NSMakeRange(s, e-s);
key = [key substringWithRange:range];
}
key = [key stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"\r" withString:@""];
key = [key stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"\n" withString:@""];
key = [key stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"\t" withString:@""];
key = [key stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@" " withString:@""];
// This will be base64 encoded, decode it.
NSData *data = base64_decode(key);
data = [RSA stripPublicKeyHeader:data];
if(!data){
return nil;
}
//a tag to read/write keychain storage
NSString *tag = @"RSAUtil_PubKey";
NSData *d_tag = [NSData dataWithBytes:[tag UTF8String] length:[tag length]];
// Delete any old lingering key with the same tag
NSMutableDictionary *publicKey = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
[publicKey setObject:(__bridge id) kSecClassKey forKey:(__bridge id)kSecClass];
[publicKey setObject:(__bridge id) kSecAttrKeyTypeRSA forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrKeyType];
[publicKey setObject:d_tag forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrApplicationTag];
SecItemDelete((__bridge CFDictionaryRef)publicKey);
// Add persistent version of the key to system keychain
[publicKey setObject:data forKey:(__bridge id)kSecValueData];
[publicKey setObject:(__bridge id) kSecAttrKeyClassPublic forKey:(__bridge id)
kSecAttrKeyClass];
[publicKey setObject:[NSNumber numberWithBool:YES] forKey:(__bridge id)
kSecReturnPersistentRef];
CFTypeRef persistKey = nil;
OSStatus status = SecItemAdd((__bridge CFDictionaryRef)publicKey, &persistKey);
if (persistKey != nil){
CFRelease(persistKey);
}
if ((status != noErr) && (status != errSecDuplicateItem)) {
return nil;
}
[publicKey removeObjectForKey:(__bridge id)kSecValueData];
[publicKey removeObjectForKey:(__bridge id)kSecReturnPersistentRef];
[publicKey setObject:[NSNumber numberWithBool:YES] forKey:(__bridge id)kSecReturnRef];
[publicKey setObject:(__bridge id) kSecAttrKeyTypeRSA forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrKeyType];
// Now fetch the SecKeyRef version of the key
SecKeyRef keyRef = nil;
status = SecItemCopyMatching((__bridge CFDictionaryRef)publicKey, (CFTypeRef *)&keyRef);
if(status != noErr){
return nil;
}
return keyRef;
}
+ (SecKeyRef)addPrivateKey:(NSString *)key{
NSRange spos;
NSRange epos;
spos = [key rangeOfString:@"-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----"];
if(spos.length > 0){
epos = [key rangeOfString:@"-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----"];
}else{
spos = [key rangeOfString:@"-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----"];
epos = [key rangeOfString:@"-----END PRIVATE KEY-----"];
}
if(spos.location != NSNotFound && epos.location != NSNotFound){
NSUInteger s = spos.location + spos.length;
NSUInteger e = epos.location;
NSRange range = NSMakeRange(s, e-s);
key = [key substringWithRange:range];
}
key = [key stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"\r" withString:@""];
key = [key stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"\n" withString:@""];
key = [key stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"\t" withString:@""];
key = [key stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@" " withString:@""];
// This will be base64 encoded, decode it.
NSData *data = base64_decode(key);
data = [RSA stripPrivateKeyHeader:data];
if(!data){
return nil;
}
//a tag to read/write keychain storage
NSString *tag = @"RSAUtil_PrivKey";
NSData *d_tag = [NSData dataWithBytes:[tag UTF8String] length:[tag length]];
// Delete any old lingering key with the same tag
NSMutableDictionary *privateKey = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
[privateKey setObject:(__bridge id) kSecClassKey forKey:(__bridge id)kSecClass];
[privateKey setObject:(__bridge id) kSecAttrKeyTypeRSA forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrKeyType];
[privateKey setObject:d_tag forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrApplicationTag];
SecItemDelete((__bridge CFDictionaryRef)privateKey);
// Add persistent version of the key to system keychain
[privateKey setObject:data forKey:(__bridge id)kSecValueData];
[privateKey setObject:(__bridge id) kSecAttrKeyClassPrivate forKey:(__bridge id)
kSecAttrKeyClass];
[privateKey setObject:[NSNumber numberWithBool:YES] forKey:(__bridge id)
kSecReturnPersistentRef];
CFTypeRef persistKey = nil;
OSStatus status = SecItemAdd((__bridge CFDictionaryRef)privateKey, &persistKey);
if (persistKey != nil){
CFRelease(persistKey);
}
if ((status != noErr) && (status != errSecDuplicateItem)) {
return nil;
}
[privateKey removeObjectForKey:(__bridge id)kSecValueData];
[privateKey removeObjectForKey:(__bridge id)kSecReturnPersistentRef];
[privateKey setObject:[NSNumber numberWithBool:YES] forKey:(__bridge id)kSecReturnRef];
[privateKey setObject:(__bridge id) kSecAttrKeyTypeRSA forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrKeyType];
// Now fetch the SecKeyRef version of the key
SecKeyRef keyRef = nil;
status = SecItemCopyMatching((__bridge CFDictionaryRef)privateKey, (CFTypeRef *)&keyRef);
if(status != noErr){
return nil;
}
return keyRef;
}
/* START: Encryption & Decryption with RSA private key */
+ (NSData *)encryptData:(NSData *)data withKeyRef:(SecKeyRef) keyRef isSign:(BOOL)isSign {
const uint8_t *srcbuf = (const uint8_t *)[data bytes];
size_t srclen = (size_t)data.length;
size_t block_size = SecKeyGetBlockSize(keyRef) * sizeof(uint8_t);
void *outbuf = malloc(block_size);
size_t src_block_size = block_size - 11;
NSMutableData *ret = [[NSMutableData alloc] init];
for(int idx=0; idx<srclen; idx+=src_block_size){
//NSLog(@"%d/%d block_size: %d", idx, (int)srclen, (int)block_size);
size_t data_len = srclen - idx;
if(data_len > src_block_size){
data_len = src_block_size;
}
size_t outlen = block_size;
OSStatus status = noErr;
if (isSign) {
status = SecKeyRawSign(keyRef,
kSecPaddingPKCS1,
srcbuf + idx,
data_len,
outbuf,
&outlen
);
} else {
status = SecKeyEncrypt(keyRef,
kSecPaddingPKCS1,
srcbuf + idx,
data_len,
outbuf,
&outlen
);
}
if (status != 0) {
NSLog(@"SecKeyEncrypt fail. Error Code: %d", status);
ret = nil;
break;
}else{
[ret appendBytes:outbuf length:outlen];
}
}
free(outbuf);
CFRelease(keyRef);
return ret;
}
+ (NSString *)encryptString:(NSString *)str privateKey:(NSString *)privKey{
NSData *data = [RSA encryptData:[str dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding] privateKey:privKey];
NSString *ret = base64_encode_data(data);
return ret;
}
+ (NSData *)encryptData:(NSData *)data privateKey:(NSString *)privKey{
if(!data || !privKey){
return nil;
}
SecKeyRef keyRef = [RSA addPrivateKey:privKey];
if(!keyRef){
return nil;
}
return [RSA encryptData:data withKeyRef:keyRef isSign:YES];
}
+ (NSData *)decryptData:(NSData *)data withKeyRef:(SecKeyRef) keyRef{
const uint8_t *srcbuf = (const uint8_t *)[data bytes];
size_t srclen = (size_t)data.length;
size_t block_size = SecKeyGetBlockSize(keyRef) * sizeof(uint8_t);
UInt8 *outbuf = malloc(block_size);
size_t src_block_size = block_size;
NSMutableData *ret = [[NSMutableData alloc] init];
for(int idx=0; idx<srclen; idx+=src_block_size){
//NSLog(@"%d/%d block_size: %d", idx, (int)srclen, (int)block_size);
size_t data_len = srclen - idx;
if(data_len > src_block_size){
data_len = src_block_size;
}
size_t outlen = block_size;
OSStatus status = noErr;
status = SecKeyDecrypt(keyRef,
kSecPaddingNone,
srcbuf + idx,
data_len,
outbuf,
&outlen
);
if (status != 0) {
NSLog(@"SecKeyEncrypt fail. Error Code: %d", status);
ret = nil;
break;
}else{
//the actual decrypted data is in the middle, locate it!
int idxFirstZero = -1;
int idxNextZero = (int)outlen;
for ( int i = 0; i < outlen; i++ ) {
if ( outbuf[i] == 0 ) {
if ( idxFirstZero < 0 ) {
idxFirstZero = i;
} else {
idxNextZero = i;
break;
}
}
}
[ret appendBytes:&outbuf[idxFirstZero+1] length:idxNextZero-idxFirstZero-1];
}
}
free(outbuf);
CFRelease(keyRef);
return ret;
}
+ (NSString *)decryptString:(NSString *)str privateKey:(NSString *)privKey{
NSData *data = [[NSData alloc] initWithBase64EncodedString:str options:NSDataBase64DecodingIgnoreUnknownCharacters];
data = [RSA decryptData:data privateKey:privKey];
NSString *ret = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
return ret;
}
+ (NSData *)decryptData:(NSData *)data privateKey:(NSString *)privKey{
if(!data || !privKey){
return nil;
}
SecKeyRef keyRef = [RSA addPrivateKey:privKey];
if(!keyRef){
return nil;
}
return [RSA decryptData:data withKeyRef:keyRef];
}
/* END: Encryption & Decryption with RSA private key */
/* START: Encryption & Decryption with RSA public key */
+ (NSString *)encryptString:(NSString *)str publicKey:(NSString *)pubKey{
NSData *data = [RSA encryptData:[str dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding] publicKey:pubKey];
NSString *ret = base64_encode_data(data);
return ret;
}
+ (NSData *)encryptData:(NSData *)data publicKey:(NSString *)pubKey{
if(!data || !pubKey){
return nil;
}
SecKeyRef keyRef = [RSA addPublicKey:pubKey];
if(!keyRef){
return nil;
}
return [RSA encryptData:data withKeyRef:keyRef isSign:NO];
}
+ (NSString *)decryptString:(NSString *)str publicKey:(NSString *)pubKey{
NSData *data = [[NSData alloc] initWithBase64EncodedString:str options:NSDataBase64DecodingIgnoreUnknownCharacters];
data = [RSA decryptData:data publicKey:pubKey];
NSString *ret = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
return ret;
}
+ (NSData *)decryptData:(NSData *)data publicKey:(NSString *)pubKey{
if(!data || !pubKey){
return nil;
}
SecKeyRef keyRef = [RSA addPublicKey:pubKey];
if(!keyRef){
return nil;
}
return [RSA decryptData:data withKeyRef:keyRef];
}
/* END: Encryption & Decryption with RSA public key */
非对称加密工作原理
下面我们就看一下非对称加密的工作原理。
- 乙方生成一对密钥（公钥和私钥）并将公钥向其它方公开。
- 得到该公钥的甲方使用该密钥对机密信息进行加密后再发送给乙方。
- 乙方再用自己保存的另一把专用密钥（私钥）对加密后的信息进行解密。乙方只能用其专用密钥（私钥）解密由对应的公钥加密后的信息。
- 在传输过程中，即使攻击者截获了传输的密文，并得到了乙的公钥，也无法破解密文，因为只有乙的私钥才能解密密文。同样，如果乙要回复加密信息给甲，那么需要甲先公布甲的公钥给乙用于加密，甲自己保存甲的私钥用于解密。
如下图所示，甲乙之间使用非对称加密的方式完成了重要信息的安全传输。
image
非对称加密ios代码层实现
1. RSA算法
下面先看一下RSA算法的ios实现。
首先我们要用Terminal生成几个文件（包括公钥，私钥和证书）。
openssl genrsa -out private_key.pem 1024
openssl req -new -key private_key.pem -out rsaCertReq.csr
openssl x509 -req -days 3650 -in rsaCertReq.csr -signkey private_key.pem -out rsaCert.crt
//为ios创建 public_key.der
openssl x509 -outform der -in rsaCert.crt -out public_key.der
// 为ios创建 private_key.p12，这一步，请记住你输入的密码，IOS代码里会用到
openssl pkcs12 -export -out private_key.p12 -inkey private_key.pem -in rsaCert.crt
// 为JAVA创建 rsa_public_key.pem
openssl rsa -in private_key.pem -out rsa_public_key.pem -pubout
// 为JAVA创建 pkcs8_private_key.pem
openssl pkcs8 -topk8 -in private_key.pem -out pkcs8_private_key.pem -nocrypt
下面就是代码部分了。
1\. JJRSAVC.m
#import "JJRSAVC.h"
@interface JJRSAVC ()
@property (nonatomic, assign) BOOL isEncode;
@property (nonatomic, assign) SecKeyRef publicKey;
@property (nonatomic, assign) SecKeyRef privateKey;
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *encryptStr;
@end
@implementation JJRSAVC
#pragma mark - Override Base Function
- (void)viewDidLoad
{
[super viewDidLoad];
self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor lightGrayColor];
self.isEncode = YES;
}
- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
{
if (self.isEncode) {
//加密
NSString *rsaEncryptResult = [self beginEncryptWithStr:@"Celin"];
NSLog(@"加密结果 = %@", rsaEncryptResult);
self.encryptStr = rsaEncryptResult;
}
else {
//解密
NSString * rsaDecryptResult = [self beginDecryptWithStr:self.encryptStr];
NSLog(@"解密结果 = %@", rsaDecryptResult);
}
}
#pragma mark - Object Private Function
//加密
- (NSString *)beginEncryptWithStr: (NSString *)inputStr
{
self.isEncode = NO;
[self loadPublicKeyFromFile:@"/Users/lily/Desktop/RSA/public_key.der"];
NSString *result = [self rsaEncryptString:inputStr];
return result;
}
- (NSString*)rsaEncryptString:(NSString*)string
{
NSData *data = [string dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
NSData *encryptedData = [self rsaEncryptData: data];
NSString* base64EncryptedString = [encryptedData base64EncodedStringWithOptions:0];;
return base64EncryptedString;
}
- (void)loadPublicKeyFromFile:(NSString*)derFilePath
{
NSData *derData = [[NSData alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:derFilePath];
[self loadPublicKeyFromData: derData];
}
- (void)loadPublicKeyFromData:(NSData*)derData
{
self.publicKey = [self getPublicKeyRefrenceFromeData:derData];
}
- (SecKeyRef)getPublicKeyRefrenceFromeData:(NSData*)derData
{
SecCertificateRef myCertificate = SecCertificateCreateWithData(kCFAllocatorDefault, (__bridge CFDataRef)derData);
SecPolicyRef myPolicy = SecPolicyCreateBasicX509();
SecTrustRef myTrust;
OSStatus status = SecTrustCreateWithCertificates(myCertificate,myPolicy,&myTrust);
SecTrustResultType trustResult;
if (status == noErr) {
status = SecTrustEvaluate(myTrust, &trustResult);
}
SecKeyRef securityKey = SecTrustCopyPublicKey(myTrust);
CFRelease(myCertificate);
CFRelease(myPolicy);
CFRelease(myTrust);
return securityKey;
}
// 加密的大小受限于SecKeyEncrypt函数，SecKeyEncrypt要求明文和密钥的长度一致，如果要加密更长的内容，需要把内容按密钥长度分成多份，然后多次调用SecKeyEncrypt来实现
- (NSData *)rsaEncryptData:(NSData*)data
{
SecKeyRef key = self.publicKey;
size_t cipherBufferSize = SecKeyGetBlockSize(key);
uint8_t *cipherBuffer = malloc(cipherBufferSize * sizeof(uint8_t));
size_t blockSize = cipherBufferSize - 11; // 分段加密
size_t blockCount = (size_t)ceil([data length] / (double)blockSize);
NSMutableData *encryptedData = [[NSMutableData alloc] init] ;
for (int i=0; i<blockCount; i++) {
unsigned long bufferSize = MIN(blockSize,[data length] - i * blockSize);
NSData *buffer = [data subdataWithRange:NSMakeRange(i * blockSize, bufferSize)];
OSStatus status = SecKeyEncrypt(key, kSecPaddingPKCS1, (const uint8_t *)[buffer bytes], [buffer length], cipherBuffer, &cipherBufferSize);
if (status == noErr){
NSData *encryptedBytes = [[NSData alloc] initWithBytes:(const void *)cipherBuffer length:cipherBufferSize];
[encryptedData appendData:encryptedBytes];
}
else{
if (cipherBuffer) {
free(cipherBuffer);
}
return nil;
}
}
if (cipherBuffer){
free(cipherBuffer);
}
return encryptedData;
}
//解密
- (NSString *)beginDecryptWithStr:(NSString *)encryptStr
{
self.isEncode = YES;
[self loadPrivateKeyFromFile:@"/Users/lily/Desktop/RSA/private_key.p12" password:@"123456"];
return [self rsaDecryptString:self.encryptStr];
}
- (void)loadPrivateKeyFromFile:(NSString*)p12FilePath password:(NSString*)p12Password
{
NSData *p12Data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:p12FilePath];
[self loadPrivateKeyFromData: p12Data password:p12Password];
}
- (void)loadPrivateKeyFromData:(NSData*)p12Data password:(NSString*)p12Password
{
self.privateKey = [self getPrivateKeyRefrenceFromData: p12Data password: p12Password];
}
- (SecKeyRef)getPrivateKeyRefrenceFromData:(NSData*)p12Data password:(NSString*)password
{
SecKeyRef privateKeyRef = NULL;
NSMutableDictionary * options = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
[options setObject: password forKey:(__bridge id)kSecImportExportPassphrase];
CFArrayRef items = CFArrayCreate(NULL, 0, 0, NULL);
OSStatus securityError = SecPKCS12Import((__bridge CFDataRef) p12Data, (__bridge CFDictionaryRef)options, &items);
if (securityError == noErr && CFArrayGetCount(items) > 0) {
CFDictionaryRef identityDict = CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(items, 0);
SecIdentityRef identityApp = (SecIdentityRef)CFDictionaryGetValue(identityDict, kSecImportItemIdentity);
securityError = SecIdentityCopyPrivateKey(identityApp, &privateKeyRef);
if (securityError != noErr) {
privateKeyRef = NULL;
}
}
if (items) CFRelease(items);
return privateKeyRef;
}
- (NSString *)rsaDecryptString:(NSString*)string
{
NSData* data = [[NSData alloc] initWithBase64EncodedString:string options:NSDataBase64DecodingIgnoreUnknownCharacters];
NSData* decryptData = [self rsaDecryptData: data];
NSString* result = [[NSString alloc] initWithData: decryptData encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
return result;
}
- (NSData *)rsaDecryptData:(NSData*)data
{
SecKeyRef keyRef = self.privateKey;
const uint8_t *srcbuf = (const uint8_t *)[data bytes];
size_t srclen = (size_t)data.length;
size_t block_size = SecKeyGetBlockSize(keyRef) * sizeof(uint8_t);
UInt8 *outbuf = malloc(block_size);
size_t src_block_size = block_size;
NSMutableData *ret = [[NSMutableData alloc] init];
for(int idx = 0; idx < srclen; idx += src_block_size){
size_t data_len = srclen - idx;
if(data_len > src_block_size){
data_len = src_block_size;
}
size_t outlen = block_size;
OSStatus status = SecKeyDecrypt(keyRef, kSecPaddingNone, srcbuf + idx, data_len, outbuf, &outlen);
if (status == noErr) {
int idxFirstZero = -1;
int idxNextZero = (int)outlen;
for ( int i = 0; i < outlen; i++ ) {
if ( outbuf[i] == 0 ) {
if ( idxFirstZero < 0 ) {
idxFirstZero = i;
}
else {
idxNextZero = i;
break;
}
}
}
[ret appendBytes:&outbuf[idxFirstZero+1] length:idxNextZero-idxFirstZero-1];
}
else {
if (outbuf)
free(outbuf);
return nil;
}
}
if (outbuf)
free(outbuf);
return ret;
}
@end
其他
CRC
CRC即循环冗余校验码（Cyclic Redundancy Check [1] ）：是数据通信领域中最常用的一种查错校验码，其特征是信息字段和校验字段的长度可以任意选定。
循环冗余检查（CRC）是一种数据传输检错功能，对数据进行多项式计算，并将得到的结果附在帧的后面，接收设备也执行类似的算法，以保证数据传输的正确性和完整性。
#import <zlib.h>
ZEXTERN uLong ZEXPORT crc32 OF((uLong crc, const Bytef *buf, uInt len));
/*
Update a running CRC-32 with the bytes buf[0..len-1] and return the
updated CRC-32. If buf is Z_NULL, this function returns the required
initial value for the crc. Pre- and post-conditioning (one's complement) is
performed within this function so it shouldn't be done by the application.
Usage example:
uLong crc = crc32(0L, Z_NULL, 0);
while (read_buffer(buffer, length) != EOF) {
crc = crc32(crc, buffer, length);
}
if (crc != original_crc) error();
*/
