一、综述

1.1数据库备份必要性

保证重要数据不丢失
数据转移

1.2MySQL数据库备份方法

mysqldump备份工具
数据库管理工具，如SQLyog
直接拷贝数据库文件和相关配置文件

二、mysqldump 备份与 source恢复

2.1mysqldump 备份

1、mysqldump 备份库

可以在mysql安装文件夹里面的bin文件里面看到mysql.exe和mysqldump.exe是同一个级别的。两个是一个同级别的命令，所以mysql在哪里写，mysqldump就在哪里写。
使用方式如下：

image.png

示例代码：

image.png

备份之后的文件：

-- MySQL dump 10.13  Distrib 5.6.28, for Win64 (x86_64)
--
-- Host: localhost    Database: school
-- ------------------------------------------------------
-- Server version   5.6.28

/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
/*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;

--
-- Table structure for table `grade`
--

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `grade`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `grade` (
  `GradeID` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '年级编号',
  `GradeName` varchar(50) NOT NULL COMMENT '年级名称',
  PRIMARY KEY (`GradeID`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=6 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;

--
-- Dumping data for table `grade`
--

LOCK TABLES `grade` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `grade` DISABLE KEYS */;
INSERT INTO `grade` VALUES (1,'大一'),(2,'大二'),(3,'大三'),(4,'大四'),(5,'预科班');
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `grade` ENABLE KEYS */;
UNLOCK TABLES;

--
-- Table structure for table `result`
--

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `result`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `result` (
  `StudentNo` int(4) NOT NULL COMMENT '学号',
  `SubjectNo` int(4) NOT NULL COMMENT '课程编号',
  `ExamDate` datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '考试日期',
  `StudentResult` int(4) NOT NULL COMMENT '考试成绩',
  KEY `SubjectNo` (`SubjectNo`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;

--
-- Dumping data for table `result`
--

LOCK TABLES `result` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `result` DISABLE KEYS */;
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/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `result` ENABLE KEYS */;
UNLOCK TABLES;

--
-- Table structure for table `student`
--

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `student`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `student` (
  `StudentNo` int(4) NOT NULL COMMENT '学号',
  `LoginPwd` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  `StudentName` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '学生姓名',
  `Sex` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '性别，取值0或1',
  `GradeId` int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '年级编号',
  `Phone` varchar(50) NOT NULL COMMENT '联系电话，允许为空，即可选输入',
  `Address` varchar(255) NOT NULL COMMENT '地址，允许为空，即可选输入',
  `BornDate` datetime DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '出生时间',
  `Email` varchar(50) NOT NULL COMMENT '邮箱账号，允许为空，即可选输入',
  `IdentityCard` varchar(18) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '身份证号',
  PRIMARY KEY (`StudentNo`),
  UNIQUE KEY `IdentityCard` (`IdentityCard`),
  KEY `Email` (`Email`),
  FULLTEXT KEY `StudentName` (`StudentName`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;

--
-- Dumping data for table `student`
--

LOCK TABLES `student` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `student` DISABLE KEYS */;
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES (1000,'111111','郭靖',1,1,'13500000001','北京海淀区中关村大街1号','1986-12-11 00:00:00','test1@bdqn.cn','450323198612111234'),(1001,'123456','李文才',1,2,'13500000002','河南洛阳','1981-12-31 00:00:00','test1@bdqn.cn','450323198112311234'),(1002,'111111','李斯文',1,1,'13500000003','天津市和平区','1986-11-30 00:00:00','test1@bdqn.cn','450323198611301234'),(1003,'123456','武松',1,3,'13500000004','上海卢湾区','1986-12-31 00:00:00','test1@bdqn.cn','450323198612314234'),(1004,'123456','张三',1,4,'13500000005','北京市通州','1989-12-31 00:00:00','test1@bdqn.cn','450323198612311244'),(1005,'123456','张秋丽 ',2,1,'13500000006','广西桂林市灵川','1986-12-31 00:00:00','test1@bdqn.cn','450323198612311214'),(1006,'123456','肖梅',2,4,'13500000007','地址不详','1986-12-31 00:00:00','test1@bdqn.cn','450323198612311134'),(1007,'111111','欧阳峻峰',1,1,'13500000008','北京东城区','1986-12-31 00:00:00','test1@bdqn.cn','450323198612311133'),(1008,'111111','梅超风',1,1,'13500000009','河南洛阳','1986-12-31 00:00:00','test1@bdqn.cn','450323198612311221'),(1009,'123456','刘毅',1,2,'13500000011','安徽','1986-12-31 00:00:00','test1@bdqn.cn','450323198612311231'),(1010,'111111','大凡',1,1,'13500000012','河南洛阳','1986-12-31 00:00:00','test1@bdqn.cn','450323198612311044'),(1011,'111111','奥丹斯',1,1,'13500000013','北京海淀区中关村大街*号','1984-12-31 00:00:00','test1@bdqn.cn','450323198412311234'),(1012,'123456','多伦',2,3,'13500000014','广西南宁中央大街','1986-12-31 00:00:00','test1@bdqn.cn','450323198612311334'),(1013,'123456','李梅',2,1,'13500000015','上海卢湾区','1986-12-31 00:00:00','test1@bdqn.cn','450323198612311534'),(1014,'123456','张得',2,4,'13500000016','北京海淀区中关村大街*号','1986-12-31 00:00:00','test1@bdqn.cn','450323198612311264'),(1015,'123456','李东方',1,4,'13500000017','广西桂林市灵川','1976-12-31 00:00:00','test1@bdqn.cn','450323197612311234'),(1016,'111111','刘奋斗',1,1,'13500000018','上海卢湾区','1986-12-31 00:00:00','test1@bdqn.cn','450323198612311251'),(1017,'123456','可可',2,3,'13500000019','北京长安街1号','1981-09-10 00:00:00','test1@bdqn.cn','450323198109108311'),(10066,'','Tom',1,1,'13500000000','','0000-00-00 00:00:00','email@22.com','33123123123123123');
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `student` ENABLE KEYS */;
UNLOCK TABLES;

--
-- Table structure for table `subject`
--

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `subject`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `subject` (
  `SubjectNo` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '课程编号',
  `SubjectName` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '课程名称',
  `ClassHour` int(4) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '学时',
  `GradeID` int(4) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '年级编号',
  PRIMARY KEY (`SubjectNo`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=18 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;

--
-- Dumping data for table `subject`
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-- Dump completed on 2018-07-06 11:02:52

文件分析：
1、在文件的开头，有MySQL dump的版本号，备份账户localhost，备份的数据库school和mysql服务器的版本 server version。
2、接下来是一些set语句，其作用是将一些系统变量赋给用户的变量。要确保恢复后的数据库的系统变量跟之前的数据库的变量相同。
3、在结尾也有一堆的set，作用是将记录的用户变量再赋给系统变量。反正是要确保恢复后的系统变量跟之前的数据库相同。
4、主题内容有一些连续三行——开头的，这些是注释。
5、/! 内容 * /，这些属于可执行的mysql语句，这些语句会被mysql去执行，但是在其他数据库系统里面会被当做注释被忽略了，不会被执行。这样会提高备份的可移植性。
6、/! 内容 * /里面开头的数字，数字的含义是代表了mysql的版本号。代表了这个备份必须在这个版本或者更高的版本号下才可以被执行。
7、在具体的创建表盒插入数据之前，都会有这么一句DROP TABLE IF EXISTSsubject;也可以选择跳过这么一步。具体做法是在cmd里面进行设置。同时，使用这个命令mysqldump ——help|more可以帮助你查看mysqldump的可选参数。具体的代码如下：

mysqldump -uroot -p41312019 --skip-add-drop-table school grade student>g:/school4.sql

8、在内容的插入语句里面是没有字段名的，现在我想让他显示字段名，可以这么写

mysqldump -uroot -p41312019 --skip-add-drop-table  -c school grade student>g:/school4.sql

image.png

注：
1、密码可以先不输入，然后回车之后再输入
2、大于号一定要写，不然会报错。如果不加大于号，则会认为数据库名后面的是表名。

2、mysqldump 备份表

image.png

2.2 source命令恢复

image.png

方法一：

先进入到mysql数据库里面，然后按下面的输入：

image.png

方法二：

也可以这样操作：

image.png

三、使用SQLYog工具来备份和恢复

这种方法非常依赖工具，不好。

3.1备份

右键点击school——备份/导出——以SQL转储文件备份数据库——可以进行选择要导出的对象、路径，方式等

3.2恢复

右键点击school——导入——以SQL转储文件导入数据库——选择路径

但是这样会遇到问题：工具显示导入成功了，但是刷新之后却没有导入进来。这是因为在备份的时候勾了“USE DATABASE”和“CREATE DATABASE”选项，导致导出的sql文件和你目标数据库的名字矛盾，就导入不了了。

四、使用SQL命令方式来恢复和备份

4.1备份

注：备份出去的文件不可以提前存在，否则会报错。
示例代码：

#将school数据库中student表中的学号、姓名备份出去
USE school;
SELECT studentno,studentname  
INTO OUTFILE 'g:/test/student.sql' 
FROM student

4.2恢复

注：需要先创建表来接受要导入的数据，但是要注意
示例代码：

#将备份出去的数据恢复到demo数据库中的stutab中
USE demo;
CREATE TABLE stutab(
    id INT(4),
    sname VARCHAR(20)
)

LOAD DATA INFILE 'g:/test/student.sql' 
INTO TABLE stutab(id, sname);

四、MySQL的备份

四、MySQL的备份

一、综述

1.1数据库备份必要性

1.2MySQL数据库备份方法

二、mysqldump 备份与 source恢复

2.1mysqldump 备份

1、mysqldump 备份库

2、mysqldump 备份表

2.2 source命令恢复

方法一：

方法二：

三、使用SQLYog工具来备份和恢复

3.1备份

3.2恢复

四、使用SQL命令方式来恢复和备份

4.1备份

4.2恢复