1.What is retirement?
什么是退休？
Normally speaking, retirement refers to the point where a person stops employment completely and the time when a person reaches an age where physical impairments began to be obstacles to working. Of course, a person may also semi-retire by reducing work hours if he/she has already earned for the rest of his/her life.
一般来讲，退休指的是人们完全停止工作的时间节点或者人们的身体已经不允许他继续工作的时间点。当然如果钱挣够了的话，人们可以通过减少自己的工作时间来实现半退休的目的。
2.Where does retirement come from?
退休制度从哪里来？
Retirement, or the practice of leaving one's job or ceasing to work after reaching a certain age, has come into being since the 18th century. Prior to the 18th century, owing to the quite low life expectancy of people (average 26 and 40 years), people still have to work for their life. Retirement as a government policy began to be adopted by countries during the late 19th century and the 20th century, beginning in Germany under Otto Von Bismarck.
退休，或者说达到一定年龄之后就离开自己的工作岗位，或者说停止工作的惯例，等19世纪才真正开始出现。在19世纪之前，人们的平均寿命很短，所以人们需要工作很长的时间维持自己的生活，退休是不太可能的事儿。在19和21世纪之间，退休才开始作为国家政策正式出现。退休制度最早出现在德国，著名的奥托·冯·俾斯麦首相执政期间。
3.When to retirement?
何时退休？
A person may retire at whatever age they please. However, a country's tax laws and/or state old-age pension rules usually mean that in a given country a certain age is thought of as the "standard" retirement age. The "standard" retirement age varies from country to country but it is generally between 50 and 70. In some countries this age is different for males and females.
现在人们可以在他自己想要的任何时候退休。然而，由于国家的税收制度和养老金制度的规定，在特定的国家，一般允许在特定的年龄方可已退休。这个年龄就是我们大家口中的退休年龄。不同国家的退休年龄各不相同，一般在50岁到70岁之间。在一些国家，男女之间的退休年龄也各不相同。
Retirement in China is just like this. Retirement is mostly decided by Chinese government and the "standard" retirement age of males and females is respectively 60 and 55. Politicians are an exception, and their retirement age usually varies from 65-70 according to their political rank in the government.
在中国，退休制度正如上文所述。关于退休的诸多事项都是由中国政府决定的，男性的退休年龄为60岁，女性的退休年龄为55岁。上述退休制度对政府官员来说是一个例外，政府官员根据他们在政府中的职位大小，退休年龄一般为65到70岁之间。
4.What will people live for after retirement?
退休之后，人们靠什么活？
Retired workers support themselves either through pensions or savings. In most cases the money is provided by both the government and the employer in proportion to the years of work and the average wages.
退休后的人们一般依靠国家的退休金或者自己的积蓄生活。在多数情况下，退休金是政府和国家共同提供的，退休金的多少一般会根据他们工作年限的不同，以及退休前的平均工资决定的。
Overall, income after retirement can come from state pensions, occupational pensions, private savings and investments and social benefits. On a personal level, the rising cost of living during retirement is a serious concern to many older adults. And health care cost plays an important role in china particularly.
总的来说，退休后的收入主要来源于国家养老金、职业养老金、个人积蓄、投资所得，和，社会福利等。从个人的角度而言，对于增加的生活成本，对对老年人来说是巨大的挑战。在中国，医疗成本花费尤其的巨大的巨大。
