跨越停滞期
我想大家一定都有这样的经历,当你首先开始学习某些新东西时,发现自己进步神速,或者至少是稳步前进,然后经历了进步之后,往往会有一个停滞期,你自然会以为自己遇到了某种无情的限制。因此,你停步不前,无法进步,最后就让自己停滞在那一水平。这是几乎任何一个领域或行业中的人们不再进步的主要原因。
其实这是在学习过程中很正常的问题,这时候最好的办法是以新的方式挑战你的大脑或身体。、
the best way to move beyond it is to challenge your brain or your body in a new way.
任何一项相当复杂的技能,都涉及一系列的各个组成部分,你可能更擅长其中的某些,不太擅长另一些,因此当你发现你很难再提高时,可能只是那项技能中的一两个组成部分在牵制你,而不是所有的组成部分都在妨碍你,你这时候可以尝试去逼自己一下,但不要逼的太狠,稍稍超过正常范围就可以,这通常会让你发现引起你停滞的点究竟在哪里。
所以当遇到停滞问题时,首先要换一种新的方法,然后要弄清楚到底什么阻碍了你的进步?你犯的什么错?然后设计一种练习方法,专门来改进那个特定的弱点。
保持动机
保持长时间的专注的练习是非常艰苦的,可为什么就有些人可以忍受这样的艰苦呢?有人说他们心甘情愿,因为做这样的事情会让他们感到快乐,但是通过对那些卓越人士的调查,发现原来他们和我们普通人一样,他们也不喜欢这样的学习或练习,他们也宁可做其他更有趣的事情,写到这儿,不禁想起我儿子的一句“名言”----谁喜欢学习啊?我觉得世界上没有人喜欢学习!-----当时还狠狠的想,”我怎么培养出这么个儿子?“可是要说真心话啊,我扪心自问,”是啊,我也不喜欢学习,谁不喜欢做轻松享受的事情呢?“
然后那些高手们尽管他们对这种学习也感到很厌倦,而且也受其他一些更好玩的活动的吸引,但依然能够保持投入。
How do you keep going ?你怎么可以坚持下去呢?这也许是每个投入到有目的训练或者刻意练习中的人最终要面对的最大问题。
How do you keep going? That is perhaps teh biggest question that anyone engaged in purposeful or deliberate practice will eventually face.
信誓旦旦的着手做某件事情并不难,比如说健身,群情激昂的要开始健身了,想到几个月后健美的身材更加使自己意志无比坚定,但是过了一段时间,你发现坚持下去是如此的困难,你原本信誓旦旦想达到目标的决心开始衰退。到最后,你完全停了下来,不再重新开始了。我们把这种现象称为“新年决心效应”the New Year's resolution effct。
这就是问题所在:刻意练习是一项艰巨的任务,它难以坚持下去。但是那些杰出人物是怎么做到的?为什么他们可以日复一日、月复一月、年复一年地刻苦练习下去?
作者在这里提出了动机的概念,我想说到动机,人们自然会联想到兴趣爱好,如果你对某件事情有着浓烈的兴趣爱好时,这样的动机就相对比较容易保持,人们往往在干自己喜欢的事情的时候感觉不到辛苦,所以对于小孩子的教育,我们一般都提倡首先要有兴趣,但是刻意练习是长期的,投入的,专注的艰苦训练,有时候仅凭兴趣爱好支撑的动机也不足以抵挡日后的日复一日年复一年,这时候真的就要想办法来刻意保持我们的动机了。
动机都有两个部分组成,继续前行的理由和停下脚步的理由,你不再做自己当初想做的事情,是因为停下脚步的理由最终战胜了继续前行的理由。因此,你要保持动机,要么强化继续前行的理由,要么弱化停下脚步的理由。
强化继续前行的理由,首先必须有一种强烈的渴望,比如我的大儿子从小很喜欢科学,长大后尤其化学,
有次我问他“为什么是化学?有毒,危害性大,”
“我喜欢啊,非常想了解更多”
“好多做化学实验出事故的,如果你死了怎么办?值吗?”
“那也没啥,我觉得只要是我能为人类做出一个很大的贡献,死了也没啥,值得。”
如果你的兴趣爱好能和你做这件事情的长远意义完美统一,那这个动机就更加牢固了。儿子的未来职业他只考虑两个方面1他的兴趣2为人类做出贡献。虽说年少不知愁滋味,不过也是初生牛犊不怕虎,孺子可教也。
当然强化继续前行的理由的方法具体到不同个人有很多,但是不外乎自己的个人以及社会的价值体现。
弱化停下脚步的理由 如果这件事你不太喜欢或者坚持不下去了 ,那么就要看看这件事有没有正面的长远的意义?如果我坚持下去,它会给我的生活带来什么样的改变?如果认定这件事是好的,有意义的,那么即使没有做它的动机,也要试图想办法让自己坚持下去。比如读书和健身,也许是人这一生最不该辜负的两件事情了吧。
那么想些办法去弱化停下脚步的理由,比如1.设定一天某个时间段固定做这件事情,2.要找出那些可能干扰你练习的事情,并想办法将其影响控制在最小,如果你总被手机分神,那么在某个时间段,把它关机,或者,最好是把它关机之后,还放在另一个房间。
高效的刻意练习都是心力交瘁的过程,所以1要合理的身体修养2.练习时间短而有效,每次控制在一小时以内。这点也是我给儿子学习控制的原则节奏,我从来不让他熬夜,我要求他短时而高效的学习。
单词部分
1.plateaus n.1.高原 A plateau is a large area of high and fairly flat land.
● A broad valley opened up leading to a high, flat plateau of cultivated land.
2.(活动或进程中的)稳定阶段,停滞时期 If you say that an activity or process has reached a plateau, you mean that it has reached a stage
where there is no further change or development.
● I think the economy is stuck on a kind of plateau of slow growth.
3.(活动、进程、成本等)达到稳定阶段,进入停滞时期 If something such as an activity, process, or cost plateaus or plateaus out, it reaches a stage where there is no further change or development.
he called me and complained that he'd reached a plateau.
There are only plateaus and you must not stay there, you must go beyond them
2.on end 1.in a vertical position 竖着;直立着
It'll fit if you stand it on end.
2.for the stated length of time, without stopping 连续地;不断地
...that people can practice hard day after day, week after week, for years on end.
He would disappear for weeks on end .
3.jump in v.匆忙行动;不假思索地做 If you jump in, you act quickly, often without thinking much about what you are doing.
...pick up a new language, and so you jump right in.
Start slow, listen and understand space before you jump in.
4.living proof be living proof of sth/that…
to show by your actions or qualities that a particular fact is true (用行动或品格)证明…属实
..every chess grandmaster is living proof that it can be done...
He is living proof that not all engineers are boring.
5.home in on 1. to direct your thoughts or attention towards sth 把(思想、注意力)集中于
By asking such a question, we can home in on the factors that might boost the motivation of our employees, children, students, and ourselves.
I began to feel I was really homing in on the answer.
2.to aim at sth and move straight towards it 朝向,移向,导向(目标)
The missile homed in on the target.
6.likelihood n.1可能性 The likelihood of something happening is how likely it is to happen.
In neither case can we make this determination ahead of time with any likelihood of being right.
There didn't seem much likelihood of it happening...
2.可能的事 If something is a likelihood, it is likely to happen.
hat, as we all know, is not only a possibility but a likelihood.
3.(PHRASE) 十之八九;极有可能 If you say that something will happen in all likelihood, you mean that it will probably happen.
In all likelihood the meeting will be cancelled.
7.call into question call sth into question to doubt sth or make others doubt sth 怀疑;引起怀疑
This situational dependence calls into question the claim that .....
His honesty has never been called into question.