Final Project--Sissy Zhang
Policy Paper --Part 1
Address the humanitarian crisis in Maroon: policies to prevent genocide and restore democratic governance
BACKGROUND
Maroon Since its establishment, the Drakes group has been dominant, while Steelys has been marginalized. This historical context of racial division and power distribution has led to tensions today. Maroon A chronic law of racial discrimination prohibiting Steelys from participating in electoral politics. This law is not only the embodiment of the long-term inequality between the two races in the history of the Maroon but also the root cause of the current crisis. Recently, Steelys organized a series of protests calling for changes in the law prohibiting their participation in elections. The protests, which involved numerous disputes over interests and broke the ongoing political environment, quickly escalated into violence, leading to massive Steely killings and subsequent government-ordered arrests and executions. The comments and actions of Prime Minister Jason Norman have worsened the current situation, although opposition voices are present and criticized; the ongoing unsolved crisis makes the Steelys situation even more precarious. Maroon The government's violent crackdown on the Steelys has drawn great attention from the international community. The most serious ethical issues include violations of human rights, racial discrimination, and potential implications that could lead to genocide.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
How to promote its domestic reform through international intervention to prevent Maroon genocide and restore democratic governance, and to solve the human rights problems faced by ethnic minorities?
ANALYSIS OF ACTION OPTIONS
"Talk" - Diplomatic Action:
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The United States can try to get Norman to agree to stop further aggression, commit to a ceasefire, and agree to better integrate the Steelys into the political system in Maroon. The U.S. could provide financial support to the government.
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Bilateral: conduct these negotiations directly with Norman
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Multilateral: work with the Organization of American States
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This action would involve engagement with several more prestigious international organizations internationally as well as those organizations and institutions in regions such as the Caribbean Community, for joint discussions and presenting resolutions to express tangible concerns and make some improvements to the discriminatory laws in the maroon region. These prominent and influential organizations will publicly condemn this deprivation of minority voting rights and the fact that they violate and disrespect human rights and ask the government to improve and respond to the situation as soon as possible. This peaceful approach is moderately supported by the United States,
and generally supported by the European Union, the Organization of American States and the United Nations, without international legal issues. The positive effects of these actions include, but are not limited to, attracting and raising international attention to the issue through multilateral diplomatic actions, thereby increasing the pressure on international image issues and the maroon government to face it. Solving the crisis through diplomatic channels can avoid military conflicts, help to maintain the authority of international law, and reduce the negative impact on the United States diplomacy.At the same time, a sense of solidarity in favour of democratic principles and human rights will be spread more widely, and now social media and tools will facilitate such action. And an interest in potential long-term solutions rather than more short-term repairs. However, due to the limited time, the role of negotiations in the short term is limited in preventing imminent actions, and the international community may resist any compromise. If the Maroon government takes a strong stance on diplomacy, the lack of progress in international efforts and the crisis may worsen. Moreover, if the international community is divided on this issue, or if the dissemination of tools (such as social media) is inappropriate or untrue, this will not only reduce the effectiveness of multilateral action, but also have an impact on the reputation of multilateral diplomacy.
The international community and the Maroon domestic party against the NP may support a diplomatic solution. This can lead to more help and more opportunities to know more about the situation. But most of the NP and his colleagues in the Maroon government may reject diplomatic mediation, not just for interest, but also for thought and beliefs. Successful diplomatic actions may avoid military conflicts, maintain the authority of international law, reduce the negative impact of American diplomacy, and may lead to the political participation of the Steelys, so as to solve the humanitarian crisis through such peaceful means. But failure means that immediate remediation measures and preliminary preparation are imminent, as the aggravation will only lead to a deeper humanitarian crisis and casualties.
"Transactions" - Economic Sanctions:
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The United States can prevent U.S. companies from doing business in Maroon and/or freeze assets of Maroon nationals that are located in the U.S.
For specific sectors controlled by government officials or entities involved in discrimination against minority
parties. But more specifically, I think it will include restricting trade, investment and financial transactions to
increase the pressure. The deal will start with higher tariffs on maroon goods. Since the US is a major Maroon
trading partner, these tariffs could be detrimental for the long-term economy. Economic sanctions can directly
affect the economic interests of government officials and related personnel, possibly force them to change their
discrimination policies. Sanctions also show acceptance by the international community, and that the United States can work with its Allies. They can also represent the positions of the participating countries and the international
community, indicating whether their actions are accepted and justified. Economic sanctions can also be
implemented quickly relative to other intervention programmes. But if these sanctions lead to economic hardship, the government may use them to rally nationalist sentiments against foreign intervention. In both cases, tensions
may intensify and lead to more serious consequences. And lowering these tariffs would otherwise indirectly make it more difficult to finance other plans. And when the Maroon civilians lose their key economic resources, because the United States is the maroon's main trading partner, it could further defeat the conditions of minority life.
Supporters of this action may be diplomatic, but there will be more opposition; not just the government, but also the poor living standards and people in the business and financial industries.
POLICY RECOMMENDATION AND ACTION PLAN
Given the current crisis in Maroon, urgent diplomatic action and targeted economic sanctions are necessary; the aim is to prevent further human rights violations and to promote political reform of the Maroon government to engage minorities in politics. The implementation of these two policies can avoid the evolution of military conflict, and reduce casualties and non-essential property losses. To solve the crisis by peaceful means, Maroon can bring long-term stability and democratic development and the rights of minorities and the proof of its image and reputation in the absence of military conflict and the threat of military conflict.
"Talk" - Diplomatic Action:
Feasibility: The US diplomatic efforts are supported by the international community, including the European Union, the Organization of American States and the United Nations, which enhances the legitimacy and influence of the diplomatic actions. With the support of its original Allies and joint efforts, through cooperation with regional organizations such as the Caribbean Community, the United States can expand the scope of its diplomatic efforts and seek joint solutions with various parties. With the rapid dissemination of information tools from social media and modern communication, such a peaceful solution will increase the international reputation and image of the United States and at the same time increase the international attention of the international community to this matter, so that more people can see the diplomatic actions of the United States and the decisions of the Maroon government. From the perspective of the potential long-term solution, this shows the willingness to invest time and resources to resolve the human rights crisis in Maroon, help Steelys overcome the difficulties and restore political participation and suffrage.
However, any diplomacy has limitations, but this does not mean bad or completely negative. On the contrary, planning in advance will always follow the trajectory of the plan: the first thing to consider is that diplomatic negotiations may not prevent imminent action, and whether we can prevent further violence and human rights violations in a short period of time is very important. And we need to predict that if the Maroon government takes a tough line, then the progress of the negotiations could face obstacles, and the relations between countries could worsen the crisis. Not only that, but if the international community divides on this issue, or if the dissemination of information is inaccurate or untrue, it may undermine the effect of multilateral action and have an impact on the reputation of multilateral diplomacy. Given these perceived as potentially difficult situations, America should use social media and information dissemination to make maximum use of our own international influence. For example, working with international organizations and regional partners to keep interests through different
organizations and countries and encourage those influential and powerful organizations to better play their role. In the face of possible government resistance and international differences, such as Russia's block in the Security Council, be appropriate to slow down Russia's foreign policy or try to negotiate with China, allowing China to consult with Russia and persuade it. Improve the efficiency of international administration.
"Transactions" - Economic Sanctions:
Feasibility: By restricting trade, investment and financial transactions, the United States can exert economic pressure on government officials in Maroon countries and on individuals involved in discrimination, which could force them to change their policies. At the same time, the economic sanctions show the international community's position on the behavior of Maroon countries, and the United States can cooperate with its Allies to put pressure together. Relative to other intervention programs, economic sanctions can be implemented quickly, representing a peaceful and relatively rapid action option.
Similarly, the limitations of economic sanctions must also be considered: for example, sanctions may lead to economic difficulties in Maroon countries, and the government may use this situation to incite nationalistsentiment and oppose foreign intervention. Moreover, sanctions may affect civilians in the Maroon country, especially if the United States is a major trading partner, potentially exacerbating the living conditions of ethnic minorities. Although this is an effective way to put pressure, economic sanctions may face strong opposition from the Maroon government, affected industries and people affected by declining living standards, which will hurt the development of bilateral relations and receive more resistance and protests against the United States. Here, to overcome these obstacles need the United States in the sanctions maximum guarantee "targeted" and other effects, can through the opposition for NP some aid let them in domestic affairs for the rationality of American behavior and justice to explain the sentiment, at the same time and other committee of the United Nations, and related human rights protection NGOs "targeted" aid at the same time.
Historically, diplomatic actions and economic sanctions have been implemented simultaneously to resolve numerous international disputes, which is why they are seen as one of the most common diplomatic tactics. For example, in South Africa, which also has a serious humanitarian crisis, in the 1980s, the international community imposed broad economic sanctions against South Africa in protest against its apartheid policy. These sanctions, combined with diplomatic pressure, eventually led to the first all-race election in South Africa in 1994, ending apartheid system.We can learn from the past that to avoid the violate any international law and work with organizations like the United Nations to ensure professionalism and recognition. In multilateral diplomacy, try to clarify the legitimacy of its purpose and remind each other with its Allies in cooperation.
Personally, I think the combination of these two effective interventions will take about three to six months: during which time diplomatic negotiations will continue, and the United States may need to adjust its strategy to counter the Maroon government's response. At the same time, if the effects of economic sanctions begin to emerge, the Maroon government may feel pressure; then protests and opposition would require additional humanitarian work. Support for the opposition and other domestic forces may begin to explain the rationality and justice of American actions, and strive for the rights of minorities. The reason not within three months is because I think it takes time for the first three months whether the information to cause attention and discussion. At the same time, strong and overwhelming Maroon’s domestic opposition will try its best to deal with the United States and our Allies; the US chose not to use military solutions to prevent events from becoming worse and increasing insecurity. Then we need to be prepared for long-term negotiations with the government. However, the reason why I think it can end in half a year is that the United States is the largest trading object of Maroon, and the impact of economic sanctions is undoubtedly a great impact on their interests, and the joint pressure under the influence of the United States will undoubtedly have a huge impact in half a year. More than three months will also bring the message to more people's lives, with international opinion and substantial pressure and the opposition support for the NP simultaneously; I think three to six months is the scope for a reasonable time to address potential obstacles and attract the attention of the large-scale international community.
CONCLUSION
As a responsible world superpower, the United States addressed the humanitarian crisis in the Maroon and restoring the political rights of its minorities in a peaceful and effective manner. The two main forms are diplomatic action and targeted economic sanctions, aimed at avoiding military conflicts, reducing casualties and unnecessary property losses, and promoting the long-term stability and democratic development of the US trading partners. Recognizing the importance of international support, highlighting the use of social media and modern
communication tools, and stating the need to note "targeted" in the implementation of economic sanctions to minimize the impact on civilians. Non-use of military and military conflicts reduces the potential of regional insecurity in the international community, and demonstrates the legitimacy of US actions to avoid violating international law to the greatest extent, and also reflects the US's long-term responsibility and interest in resolving the Maroon humanitarian crisis.
Part2: What Would You Change?
The ability of the UN Security Council to prevent states from acting. Propose a modification to the UN charter that would mitigate the ability of a single country to veto a proposed course of military action (2-3 sentences).
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Answer：When using a veto, the whole event can first be a qualitative proof approved by the UN Security Council. If there is a serious violation of human rights; then a veto will not hold it. This could be a new mechanism for the UN Security Council; it needs to be opened through any member motion. Certification can be certified directly by a special United Nations group or by the office of the Commission, but this must be approved by the United Nations Security Council. By thus limiting the use of veto in military action proposals designed to prevent serious human rights violations or potential genocide. I think there are permanent members of the board, and there is the use of "one veto". So establishing such a mechanism in advance will ensure that the will of the international community to act humanitarianism is not strangled by opposition from a single country, while still maintaining a level of checks and balances within the United Nations system.
The lack of legal clarity on whether you can use force for protecting human rights. Suggest a resolution to the disputes among states, scholars, and other actors about the legality of infringing on a nation's sovereignty in the interest of preserving human rights (3-4 sentences).
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Answer ：In order to address the current lack of legal clarity regarding the use of force to protect human rights, I believe it is possible to amend the Charter of the United Nations under the amendment mechanism recommended in my previous paragraph; clearly recognizing the right of the United Nations Security Council to authorize the use of force in the context of serious violations of human rights or genocide. This would involve amending Chapter VII of the Charter, " allowing the use of force as a last resort to prevent or prevent mass atrocities, even if it involves infringement of the sovereignty of a country."For the revision of the resolution, the principles of national sovereignty and international protection and responsibility for human rights, it needs to be accompanied by more clear standards and a strong decision-making process in the Security Council to ensure that a detailed situation in the use of force is reasonable, necessary, and appropriate.
