YUM:

yellow dog, Yellowdog Update Modifier

yum repo

yum repository
存储了众多rpm包，以及包的相关的元数据文件（放置于特定目录下：repodata）；

文件服务器：
ftp://
http://
nfs://
file:///

yum客户端：

• 配置文件：
  /etc/yum.conf：为所有仓库提供公共配置
  /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo：为仓库的指向提供配置

• 仓库指向的定义：
  [repositoryID]
  name=Some name for this repository
  baseurl=url://path/to/repository/
  enabled={1|0}
  gpgcheck={1|0}
  gpgkey=URL
  enablegroups={1|0}
  failovermethod={roundrobin|priority}
    默认为：roundrobin，意为随机挑选；
  cost=
    默认为1000

yum命令的用法：

yum [options] [command] [package ...]

• yum的命令行选项：
  --nogpgcheck：禁止进行gpg check；
  -y: 自动回答为“yes”；
  -q：静默模式；
  --disablerepo=repoidglob：临时禁用此处指定的repo；
  --enablerepo=repoidglob：临时启用此处指定的repo；
  --noplugins：禁用所有插件；

• command is one of:
  * install package1 [package2] [...]
  * update [package1] [package2] [...]
  * update-to [package1] [package2] [...]
  * check-update
  * upgrade [package1] [package2] [...]
  * upgrade-to [package1] [package2] [...]
  * distribution-synchronization [package1] [package2] [...]
  * remove | erase package1 [package2] [...]
  * list [...]
  * info [...]
  * provides | whatprovides feature1 [feature2] [...]
  * clean [ packages | metadata | expire-cache | rpmdb | plugins | all ]
  * makecache
  * groupinstall group1 [group2] [...]
  * groupupdate group1 [group2] [...]
  * grouplist [hidden] [groupwildcard] [...]
  * groupremove group1 [group2] [...]
  * groupinfo group1 [...]
  * search string1 [string2] [...]
  * shell [filename]
  * resolvedep dep1 [dep2] [...]
  * localinstall rpmfile1 [rpmfile2] [...]
  (maintained for legacy reasons only - use install)
  * localupdate rpmfile1 [rpmfile2] [...]
  (maintained for legacy reasons only - use update)
  * reinstall package1 [package2] [...]
  * downgrade package1 [package2] [...]
  * deplist package1 [package2] [...]
  * repolist [all|enabled|disabled]
  * version [ all | installed | available | group-* | nogroups* | grouplist | groupinfo ]
  * history [info|list|packages-list|packages-info|summary|addon-info|redo|undo|rollback|new|sync|stats]
  * check
  * help [command]

  • 显示仓库列表：
    repolist [all|enabled|disabled]

  • 显示程序包：
    list
    yum list [all | glob_exp1] [glob_exp2] [...]
yum list {available|installed|updates} [glob_exp1] [...]

  • 安装程序包：
    install package1 [package2] [...]

    reinstall package1 [package2] [...] (重新安装)

  • 升级程序包：
    update [package1] [package2] [...]

    downgrade package1 [package2] [...] (降级)

  • 检查可用升级：
    check-update

  • 卸载程序包：
    remove | erase package1 [package2] [...]

  • 查看程序包information：
    info [...]

  • 查看指定的特性(可以是某文件)是由哪个程序包所提供：
    provides | whatprovides feature1 [feature2] [...]

  • 清理本地缓存：
    clean [ packages | metadata | expire-cache | rpmdb | plugins | all ]

  • 构建缓存：
    makecache

  • 搜索：
    search string1 [string2] [...]

    以指定的关键字搜索程序包名及summary信息；

  • 查看指定包所依赖的capabilities：
    deplist package1 [package2] [...]

  • 查看yum事务历史：
    history [info|list|packages-list|packages-info|summary|addon-info|redo|undo|rollback|new|sync|stats]

  • 安装及升级本地程序包：

    • localinstall rpmfile1 [rpmfile2] [...]
      (maintained for legacy reasons only - use install)
    • localupdate rpmfile1 [rpmfile2] [...]
      (maintained for legacy reasons only - use update)

  • 包组管理的相关命令：

    • groupinstall group1 [group2] [...]
    • groupupdate group1 [group2] [...]
    • grouplist [hidden] [groupwildcard] [...]
    • groupremove group1 [group2] [...]
    • groupinfo group1 [...]