一 words ＆ expressions
1. It is one of the most enduring and deep-seated of all beliefs about human nature—that natural talent plays a major role in determining ability.
deep-seated:a deep-seated attitude, feeling, or idea is strong and is very difficult to change〔态度、感情或观念〕不易改变的，顽固的
造句：Global warming or climate change is only a symptom of our deep-seated desire to consume.
2. How could he coax that beautiful melody out of just two strings?
coax：to make something such as a machine do something by dealing with it in a slow, patient, and careful way耐心地摆弄〔机器等〕
3. The first thing you discover when you read about Paganini is that he was truly a groundbreaking violinist.
groundbreaking：groundbreaking work involves making new discoveries, using new methods etc有突破性的，开创性的
例句：His latest film is interesting, but not ground-breaking.
4. they had to whisper, to moan, to frisk, to rejoice and, at the end, to exult.
rejoice：to feel or show that you are very happy喜悦，欣喜 [+at / over / in]
造句：I rejoice in my parents' good health.
5. And when he did unequivocally begin to compose music that was original and sophisticated, he had been training to compose for a decade or so.
unequivocal：completely clear and without any possibility of doubt明确的，毫不含糊的
造句：I am unequivocal in condemning the violence.
6. His story was told by David Epstein in the book The Sports Gene, and because it is so arresting, it has since been retold many times.
arresting:very attractive in a way that attracts a lot of attention引人注意的；醒目的；有吸引力的
7. But what about the flip side of prodigies?
flip side:the bad effects of something that also has good effects负面，反面
例句：The flip side of the treatment is that it can make patients feel very tired.
二 summary＆thoughts
第八章探讨的是怎样解释天生才华
杰出人物通过年复一年的刻意练习，在漫长而艰苦的过程中一步一步改进，才练就了杰出的能力，没有捷径可走。
书中举了几个人们眼中的天才并非是天生具有杰出能力的力。
这让我想起了我们想到了一个特殊群体——自闭症及自闭症候群患者。他们中极少数的智商比较高，属于高功能的自闭症患者，就像雨人中的rain man,大家也许会认为这些高功能的自闭症患者他们就天赋异禀，比如雨人的记忆力很好。但是大家忽视了一个要点：自闭症患者的一个普遍特征就是刻板的行为，会把各种感官集中于一种感官上，也就是所谓的“刻意练习”，所以才成就了他们某方面的出众。由此看来，令人出众的，最重要的因素不是天赋，而是练习。
训练时间比智商更重要
有了足够的单独练习，棋手们在下棋时的心理表征就变得十分有益和强大，以至于区分两们棋手的最重要因素不再是他们的智商，而是心理表征的质量与数量，以及他们可以多么有效的运用这些表征。
在刚开始学习一项技能时，智商较高的孩子理解能力更高，另一些人为了努力赶上智商高于他们的同伴，练习会更加刻苦，而智商较高的孩子，最初并没有感受到这种要去努力追赶别人的压力。从长远来看，占上风的是那些练习更勤奋的人，而不是那些一开始在智商或其它才华方面稍有优势的人。
