L5-U2-P3-1 Listening : Introducing the Iceman 冰人登场
One of the most interesting people in history is probably someone you have never heard of.
历史上最有趣的人物之一，或许是你从未听闻过的。
We will call him "Iceman" because his body was frozen in ice for several thousand years.
我们称他为"冰人"，因为他的身体在冰雪中封存了数千年。
His body was discovered in 1991 by two hikers in the mountains near the border of Austria and Italy.
1991年，两名徒步旅行者在奥地利与意大利交界处的山脉中发现了他的遗体。
The lower part of his body was still frozen in ice, but the upper part was uncovered and visible.
他的下半身仍冻结在冰层中，但上半身已暴露在外清晰可见。
Once the body was extracted from the ice, it was taken in for examination.
遗体从冰层中取出后，立即被送往检测。
Upon examination, scientists determined that the Iceman lived around 5,300 (fifty-three hundred) years ago.
检测结果表明，科学家确认冰人生活在大约5300年前。
This was at the end of the Stone Age, nearly 1,000 years before the great pyramids were built.
那时正值石器时代末期，比宏伟的金字塔建成还要早近1000年。
This made him the oldest mummy ever found.
这使他成为人类迄今发现的最古老的木乃伊。
What had to happen before the body could be examined? -It had to be extracted from the ice before it could be examined.
Which part of the body was uncovered and visible? -the upper part
Iceman's body was in good condition when it was found.
冰人的遗体在被发现时保存状况良好。
People believed that the body was one of many hikers who had been lost in recent years.
人们曾以为这具遗体是近年来众多失踪登山者中的一员。
Nobody suspected that the body was as old as it was.
没有人怀疑过这具遗体会如此古老。
It had been preserved by the ice for thousands of years.
它已在冰层中保存了数千年之久。
Given its good condition, studying it was like opening a window in time.
鉴于其完好的保存状态，研究它如同打开了一扇穿越时空的窗口。
Scientists could learn a lot about how people lived 5,000 years ago.
科学家可以从中深入了解五千年前人类的生活方式。
Why was the body was in such good condition when it was found?- It had been preserved by the ice.
(1) Iceman's body was in good condition when it was found.
(2) Nobody suspected that the body was as old as it was.
(3) It had been preserved by the ice for thousands of years.
(4) Given its good condition, studying it was like opening a window in time.
The Iceman lived at the end of the Stone Age, a time of great change in human history.
冰人生活在石器时代末期，那是人类历史上一个充满巨变的时期。
Hunting was still a major source of food, but people were beginning to farm.
狩猎仍是主要的食物来源，但人们已开始从事农耕。
People were settling down and forming communities.
人们逐渐定居下来，形成社群。
These communities were claiming territory and setting up boundaries.
这些社群开始划分领地并设立边界。
As a result, sometimes they had to fight to defend their territory from outsiders.
因此，他们有时不得不为抵御外人、守护领地而战。
The village where the Iceman lived was probably not far from where he died.
冰人居住的村庄可能离他的遇难地不远。
Perhaps he was killed in a battle with outsiders.
或许他正是在与外来者的冲突中丧生。
What was still a major source of food at the end of the Stone Age? - hunting
Why did people have to fight outsiders?- to defend their territory
Why did people need to claim territory?- They were settling down to farm.
Once the body was extracted from the ice, it was taken in for examination.
It was in good condition because it had been preserved by the ice.
Given its good condition, studying it was like opening a window in time.
The lower part of his body was still frozen in ice, but the upper part was uncovered and visible.
The Iceman lived at the end of the Stone Age, a time of great change in human history.
Comunities were claiming territory and fighting to defend from the outsiders.
It was in good condition because it had been perservered by the ice.
L5-U2-P3-2 Listening : Death of the Iceman 冰人之死
Iceman was about 45 years old when he died.
冰人去世时约45岁。
He was 1.60 meters tall and weighed about 50 kilograms when he was alive.
他生前身高1.60米，体重约50公斤。
Along with the body were some other objects.
与遗体一同被发现的还有其他物品。
These included some weapons, including a bow and arrow, a knife and an ax.
其中包括一些武器：一副弓箭、一把刀和一柄斧头。
He was still wearing one of his shoes and he had a backpack with a wooden frame.
他脚上仍穿着一只鞋，并携带着一个木质框架的背包。
What was one of the weapons that was found with his body?- a bow and arrow
What item of clothing was he wearing? - a shoe
He also had some plants that may have been used for medical purposes.
他还携带了一些可能用于药用的植物。
Further examination of the body showed that he was well fed, with a diet of meat, bread and fruit.
进一步的尸检表明他生前营养充足，饮食包含肉类、面包和水果。
In fact, he had eaten several meals within a few hours of his death.
事实上，在他死亡前的几小时内还进食过数餐。
From all the evidence, he probably had a good life.
从所有证据来看，他生前可能过着不错的生活。
Perhaps he was hunting for food when he was caught in a sudden storm.
或许他当时正在狩猎觅食，却遭遇了突如其来的暴风雪。
The plans that he had may have been used what purpose? - for medical purposes
For several years after the discovery of the body, scientists believed that he died from the cold.
在遗体被发现后的数年里，科学家们一直认为他是冻死的。
Weather is unpredictable in the area where he was found, so perhaps he was caught in an unexpected storm.
其发现地的天气变幻莫测，或许他当时遭遇了突如其来的暴风雪。
However, ten years after his body was found, new evidence pointed to a new cause of death.
然而在遗体被发现十年后，新证据揭示了新的死因。
In 2001, examiners x-rayed the body and found an arrowhead deep in the Iceman's chest.
2001年，检测人员通过X光在冰人胸腔深处发现了一个箭头。
Further analysis revealed that the Iceman had been shot from behind.
进一步分析显示，冰人是从背后中箭的。
The arrow had cut through an artery and had caused severe bleeding.
箭矢刺穿动脉导致了大出血。
Clearly, it was a case of murder, the oldest case of murder ever discovered.
显然这是一起谋杀案，也是人类迄今发现的最古老的谋杀案。
What new evidence was found for the cause of death? - an arrowhead in his chest
(1) For several years after the discovery of the body, scientists believed that he died from the cold.
(2) Weather is unpredictable in the area where he was found, so perhaps he was caught in an unexpected storm.
(3) However, ten years after his body was found, new evidence pointed to a new cause of death.
(4) In 2001, examiners x-rayed the body and found an arrowhead deep in the Iceman's chest.
Perhaps he was killed in a battle with outsiders
People were settling down and forming communities.
From all the evidence, he probably had a good life.
He ate several meals within a few hours of his death.
People believed that the body was one of many hikers who had been lost in recent years.
In 2001, examiners x-rayed the body and found an arrowhead deep in the Iceman's chest.
L5-U2-P3-3 Vocabulary : Regulations in Company 公司规章制度
To sue: to take someone to court in a legal disagreement.
起诉：指因法律纠纷将某人告上法庭。
They broke our contract and didn't pay, so we sued them and won.
他们违反合同拒绝付款，因此我们提起诉讼并胜诉了。
She sued her employer for firing her, but she lost because they had the right to fire her.
她因被解雇起诉雇主，但败诉了，因为雇主有权解雇她。
We had to be very careful when we talked to her because we didn't want to be sued .
We couldn't agree to her plan to avoid paying taxes, which was illegal, so she threatened to sue us.
When she left her job she sued her emplpoyer for not keeping its promise to pay her a bonus.
To restrict: to put limits on something.
限制：指对某事物设定界限。
This is a restricted area, so stay away.
这是受限区域，请勿靠近。
We need to restrict them from talking to anyone about our project.
我们需要限制他们与任何人谈论我们的项目。
The government tried to restrict people from going there because it was too dangerous , but some people insisted on going .
We can't trust him, so we will have torestrict hisactivities until we know him better.
We have unlimited access to their research and there are n restrictions on how we use the informaion.
To negotiate: to deal with or bargain with others to reach an agreement.
谈判：指为达成协议与他人协商或讨价还价。
Instead of starting a war, we should negotiate and find a way to compromise.
与其发动战争，我们更应该通过谈判寻求妥协之道。
We are trying to negotiate a better deal, but it isn't easy.
我们正努力协商更优的方案，但这并非易事。
He never wants to negotiate, so he has lost several important customers.
The price is too high, but if we negotiate we may be able to get a discount.
Responsible for or responsible to: to be responsible for something means to have the job of getting it done or taking care of.
对某事负责（responsible for）：指承担完成某事或照料某事的职责。
If you are responsible to someone, it means that you are working under their control.
对某人负责（responsible to）：指在某人的管辖下工作。
（中文释义补充说明：前者强调对事务的责任归属，后者强调对人员的隶属关系）
She is the person responsible for improving sales last year, so we should give her a promotion.
He is responsible to the CEO, so he can't sign the contract without her final approval.
We need to report this to our boss because we are responsible to her and because she will judge our performance.
We have many responsibilities, but she is the one responsible for product development.
Oversee or supervise : to control or direct a process or project.
监督或管理：指控制或指导某个流程或项目。
One of his responsibilities was to supervise the rescue operations and keep things under control.
他的职责之一是监督救援行动，并确保一切处于可控状态。
As product manager, she oversees the work of several departments.
作为产品经理，她需要统筹多个部门的工作。
When we got to the accident, everyone was confused because there was nobody there to supervise.
If something is confidential, you should...restrict access to it.
They broke our contract and didn't pay, so we sued them and won.
Instead of starting a war, we should negotiate and find a way to compromise.
If you are responsible to someone it means that you are working under their control.
We are trying to negotiate a better deal, but it isn't easy.
If something is confidential, you should restrict access to it.
L5-U2-P3-3 Vocabulary : Business Terms 商业条款
To merge: to combine or come together.
合并：指企业或机构相互结合或融为一体。
Those two companies used to be competitors, but now they have merged into one company.
这两家公司曾是竞争对手，但现已合并为一家企业。
When the two companies merged, many people were laid off.
两家公司合并时，大量员工被裁员。
When the two companies merged , some of their best people left and started another company .
To acquire: to buy or take possession.
收购：指通过购买或接收获得所有权。
Some big companies grow by acquiring other companies.
有些大公司通过收购其他企业实现扩张。
One way to protect your business is to acquire your competitors.
收购竞争对手是保护自身业务的策略之一。
We need to acquire new technology as soon as possible because we are out-of-date.
An agenda: a plan or list of items to be discussed at a meeting.
议程：指会议上待讨论事项的计划或清单。
The agenda for the meeting is still unclear.
这次会议的议程尚不明确。
What are the main points on the agenda for the meeting?
本次会议议程的要点有哪些？
There are too many items on the agenda, so we need to cut it down and focus on fewer things.
A contract: a written document that defines the rules in a relationship.
合同：指明确双方关系中各项条款的书面文件。
A contract isn't usually useful until things begin to go badly in a relationship.
通常只有在合作关系出现问题时，合同才能真正发挥作用。
According to our contract, their first payment is due next week.
根据合同规定，他们的首笔款项应于下周支付。
Even a good contract won't help if a business relationship isn't built on trust .
Assets and liabilities: assets are what you own and liabilities are what you owe.
资产与负债：资产指你拥有的财产，负债指你欠下的债务。
Knowing the assets and liabilities of a company helps determine a company's value.
了解公司的资产与负债有助于评估企业价值。
The company had more liabilities than assets so we decided not to invest.
该公司负债超过资产，因此我们决定不投资。
Our assets include some great technology ,so we need to keep investing in research .
The company had more liabilities than assets, so we decided not to invest .
Those two companies used to be competitors ,but now they have merged into company.
The agenda for the meeting is still unclear.
What are the main points on the agenda for the meeting?
When two companies combined into one, it's called a merger.
L5-U2-P3-5 Dialogue : Quitting a Job 辞职
M: Good morning, Lisa. What was it you wanted to see me about?
先生：早上好，丽莎。你想找我谈什么事？
L: Eh, good morning. Thanks for seeing me on such short notice, I know it's a busy time for you.
丽莎：呃，早上好。感谢您这么快安排见面，我知道您现在非常忙碌。
M: That's okay, Lisa. I can see that you're upset about something. Is something wrong?
先生：没关系，丽莎。我看得出你有些心事。是遇到什么问题了吗？
L: Yes, actually there is, and I've been thinking about it a lot. To make it short, I've decided to leave the company.
丽莎：是的，确实有问题。我仔细考虑了很久，长话短说——我决定离职。
How is Lisa feeling? -She is upset about someting.
I can see that you're upset about something.
M: You are going to leave?
先生：你要离职？
L: Yes, I think it's best, I'm really not happy here anymore.
丽莎：是的，我认为这是最好的选择。我在这里真的不再快乐了。
M: Oh, I'm sorry to hear that. Have you found another job?
先生：哦，这让我很遗憾。你是找到别的工作了吗？
L: No, it isn't that. My husband and I have just decided that I really don't need to work.
丽莎：不，不是的。我和我丈夫刚刚决定，我其实不需要工作。
What has she and her husband decided?- She doesn't need a job.
She decided to quit because she's not happy working there.
M: Well, I'm sorry to hear that you want to leave.
先生：听到你想离职，我感到很遗憾。
But I really want you to reconsider.
但我真心希望你能重新考虑。
You've only been here for a year.
你在这里才工作一年。
That isn't very long, and it won't help your resume if you decide to look for a job in the future.
这段时间并不长，如果你将来想找工作，这段短暂的工作经历对你的简历也没有帮助。
L: Yes, that may be true, but staying here is really stressful.
丽莎：是的，或许如此，但留在这里真的让我压力很大。
You may not be aware of it, but I have real problems with my supervisor, Bill.
您可能没有察觉，但我和我的主管比尔之间存在严重问题。
How long has she been working there？ - For about year 。
Who is bill?-He is her supervisor.
Yes, that may be true, but staying here is really stressful. You may not be aware of it, but I have real problems with my supervisor , Bill.
I'm sorry to hear that you want to leave.
She's been working there for about a year.
Bill is her supervisor, so he supervises her work.
She has some serious problems working with her supervisor.
M: Oh, what kind of problems?
先生：哦？具体是什么问题呢？
L: He takes on projects and assigns them to me with no regard from my other responsibilities.
丽莎：他接项目时从不考虑我手头的工作，直接把任务分配给我。
It's just too much.
这实在让人难以承受。
Then he takes all the credit for my work.
而且他还将我的工作成果全部占为己有。
Maybe I'm just too sensitive.
也许是我太敏感了。
M: Yes, I know he can't act that way and I have told him it's an area he needs to improve.
先生：我明白他不该这样做，也曾提醒过他需要改进这方面。
Anyway, there are people like that in every organization.
不过话说回来，每个机构都难免会有这类人。
To take credit for something means...to claim responsibility for the results.
M: I know it's difficult, but you need to learn how to deal with people like him.
我知道这很困难，但你需要学会与这类人相处。
L: Well, I don't know. It's really stressful. It isn't easy for me to talk to him.
唉，我也不确定。这真的让我压力很大。我很难与他沟通。
M: Listen, Lisa. You have great potential and I don't want to lose you. If you already had a job offer, I wouldn't stand in your way. But since you don't, I really want you to stay.
听着，丽莎。你很有潜力，我不想失去你。如果你已经拿到了其他工作机会，我不会阻拦你。但既然还没有，我真心希望你能留下。
L: I appreciate your saying that. It means a lot.
很感谢您这样说，这对我意义重大。
To stand in the way of something means...to try to stop it.
What's another word for potential? -ability.
M: So will you please reconsider your decision?
先生：那么，能否请你重新考虑这个决定？
L: Yes, I'll talk to my husband.
丽莎：好的，我会和我丈夫谈谈。
M: As for Bill, please try to work with him for a bit longer. This is a part of your learning experience.
先生：至于比尔，请试着再与他合作一段时间。这也是你职场成长的一部分。
L: Thanks, I really appreciate your advice. You are a great sales person. I'm feeling better already.
丽莎：谢谢，我真的很感谢您的建议。您是位出色的销售专家，我现在感觉好多了。
M: You are welcome, Lisa. I need you to stay. Please give it at least another year.
先生：别客气，丽莎。公司需要你留下。请至少再坚持一年。
Why does Lisa think her boss is a great sales person?-She has convinced her of the importance of staying instead of quitting.
So will you please reconsider your decision?
Please give it at least another year.
You have great potential and I don't want to lose you.
She had sold Lisa on the idea of staying for another year.
This is a part of your learning experience.
I know it's difficult, but you need to learn how to deal with people like him.
He takes on projects and assigns them to me with no regard from my other responsibilities.
What advice does she give to Lisa?-to reconsider her decision and stay for at least another year
Thanks, I really appreciate your advice.
As for Bill, please try to work with him for a bit longer.
If you already had a job offer, I wouldn't stand in your way.
