Android Activity的视图结构-装载过程
目标
1.通过源码得出Android Activity的视图结构
2.了解视图装载过程
handleLaunchActivity
备注：关于Activity的启动过程，我们后面再做分析
Activity的启动都会进去ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity中
ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity
//创建activity的context实例
ContextImpl appContext = createBaseContextForActivity(r);
//ClassLoader创建当前activity实例
activity = mInstrumentation.newActivity(
cl, component.getClassName(), r.intent);
//获取app实例，上面app的创建中已经存在
Application app = r.packageInfo.makeApplication(false, mInstrumentation);
activity.attach(appContext, this, getInstrumentation(), r.token,
r.ident, app, r.intent, r.activityInfo, title, r.parent,
r.embeddedID, r.lastNonConfigurationInstances, config,
r.referrer, r.voiceInteractor, window, r.configCallback,
r.assistToken);
//回调activity的onCreate方法
mInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate
performLaunchActivity中
1.创建activity的context实例
2.使用ClassLoader创建当前activity实例
3.makeApplication获取app实例，app的创建中已经存在
4.调用activity.attach方法
5.使用mInstrumentation回调activity的onCreate方法
我们这里重点看activity.attach
Activity.attach
mWindow = new PhoneWindow(this, window, activityConfigCallback);
mWindow.setCallback(this);
mWindowManager = mWindow.getWindowManager();
1.创建了PhoneWindow实例
2.mWindow.getWindowManager最终通过返回 new WindowManagerImpl(mContext, parentWindow)返回WindowManagerImpl实例
setContentView
在onCreate方法回调之后回到我们自定义的Activity中，这里我们需要调用Activity.setContentView，将xml layout资源设置给Activity
那我们接下来看Activity.setContentView
Activity.setContentView
public void setContentView(@LayoutRes int layoutResID) {
getWindow().setContentView(layoutResID);
initWindowDecorActionBar();
}
getWindow即为mWindow对象，PhoneWindow实例
initWindowDecorActionBar即为Activity创建ActionBar
顺便可以看Window抽象类的注释，表示仅有一个实现类PhoneWindow
* <p>The only existing implementation of this abstract class is
* android.view.PhoneWindow, which you should instantiate when needing a
* Window.
*/
public abstract class Window
PhoneWindow.setContentView
@Override
public void setContentView(int layoutResID) {
// Note: FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS may be set in the process of installing the window
// decor, when theme attributes and the like are crystalized. Do not check the feature
// before this happens.
if (mContentParent == null) {
installDecor();
} else if (!hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) {
mContentParent.removeAllViews();
}
if (hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) {
final Scene newScene = Scene.getSceneForLayout(mContentParent, layoutResID,
getContext());
transitionTo(newScene);
} else {
mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResID, mContentParent);
}
mContentParent.requestApplyInsets();
final Callback cb = getCallback();
if (cb != null && !isDestroyed()) {
cb.onContentChanged();
}
mContentParentExplicitlySet = true;
}
installDecor
mDecor = generateDecor(-1);
mContentParent = generateLayout(mDecor);
generateDecor相当于new了一个集成自FrameLayout的DecorView对象
new DecorView(context, featureId, this, getAttributes())
DecorView extends FrameLayout
generateLayout
//初始化PhoneWindow的一些flag和成员属性和decor的属性 动画
//mStatusBarColor mNavigationBarColor
mStatusBarColor = a.getColor(R.styleable.Window_statusBarColor, 0xFF000000);
decor.setSystemUiVisibility
params.windowAnimations
int layoutResource;
//根据不同的features属性（也就是系统的UI风格）加载不同的layout布局
layoutResource = R.layout.screen_simple;
mDecor.startChanging();
//将layout布局加载到mDecor中
mDecor.onResourcesLoaded(mLayoutInflater, layoutResource);
//用window去寻找R.id.content的viewgroup
ViewGroup contentParent = (ViewGroup)findViewById(ID_ANDROID_CONTENT);
//public static final int ID_ANDROID_CONTENT = com.android.internal.R.id.content;
mDecor.setWindowBackground(mBackgroundDrawable);
这里可以出generateLayout主要初始化PhoneWindow的一些flag、动画、成员属性，mStatusBarColor、mNavigationBarColor，动画
设置decor的属性（背景），然后去寻找R.id.content的ViewGroup
这里的findViewById其实是调用Window的findViewById，所以最终是在decorView中寻找R.id.content
@Nullable
public <T extends View> T findViewById(@IdRes int id) {
return getDecorView().findViewById(id);
}
那么他所需要找的id View应该来源于上面onResourcesLoaded的资源，那么我们随便找一个layout看一下，比如R.layout.screen_simple;
主要layout不在SDK的源码包中，需要到framework中查找，当然可以去一些网站搜索文件得到源码，https://www.androidos.net.cn/sourcecode，随便推一个，可得到
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!--
/* //device/apps/common/assets/res/layout/screen_simple.xml
**
** Copyright 2006, The Android Open Source Project
**
** Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
** you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
** You may obtain a copy of the License at
**
** http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
**
** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
** distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
** WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
** See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
** limitations under the License.
*/
This is an optimized layout for a screen, with the minimum set of features
enabled.
-->
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:fitsSystemWindows="true"
android:orientation="vertical">
<ViewStub android:id="@+id/action_mode_bar_stub"
android:inflatedId="@+id/action_mode_bar"
android:layout="@layout/action_mode_bar"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:theme="?attr/actionBarTheme" />
<FrameLayout
android:id="@android:id/content"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:foregroundInsidePadding="false"
android:foregroundGravity="fill_horizontal|top"
android:foreground="?android:attr/windowContentOverlay" />
</LinearLayout>
可以看到该布局文件包含了ViewStub和FrameLayout，FrameLayout即为需要找到的R.id.content的组件。
然后我们接着看DecorView的onResourcesLoaded方法干了啥，使用inflater.inflate(layoutResource, null)加载layoutResource，
void onResourcesLoaded(LayoutInflater inflater, int layoutResource) {
if (mBackdropFrameRenderer != null) {
loadBackgroundDrawablesIfNeeded();
mBackdropFrameRenderer.onResourcesLoaded(
this, mResizingBackgroundDrawable, mCaptionBackgroundDrawable,
mUserCaptionBackgroundDrawable, getCurrentColor(mStatusColorViewState),
getCurrentColor(mNavigationColorViewState));
}
mDecorCaptionView = createDecorCaptionView(inflater);
final View root = inflater.inflate(layoutResource, null);
if (mDecorCaptionView != null) {
if (mDecorCaptionView.getParent() == null) {
addView(mDecorCaptionView,
new ViewGroup.LayoutParams(MATCH_PARENT, MATCH_PARENT));
}
mDecorCaptionView.addView(root,
new ViewGroup.MarginLayoutParams(MATCH_PARENT, MATCH_PARENT));
} else {
// Put it below the color views.
addView(root, 0, new ViewGroup.LayoutParams(MATCH_PARENT, MATCH_PARENT));
}
mContentRoot = (ViewGroup) root;
initializeElevation();
}
那么到这里可以有如下结论：
1.DecorView实质是一个FrameLayout；
2.DecorView会根据不同的features加载一个Framework中的布局文件，该布局文件中包含R.id.content的FrameLayout；
3.mContentParent = generateLayout中，mContentParent 就是R.id.content的FrameLayout
到此installDecor已经全部结束，接着下面mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResID, mContentParent)
LayoutInflater.inflate
在installDecor之后，就是将我们自己实现的xml布局文件使用LayoutInflater.inflate，通过解析xml中的view，使用反射创建相应的View，然后递归创建出所有的子View，然后将xml转化后的view add到mContentParent中。
LayoutInflater.inflate的具体过程将不再分析。
StatusBar、NavigationBar
以下内容基于Android29
StatusBar、NavigationBar在DecorView定义，DecorView在onDraw方法中会使用BackgroundFallback将StatusBar和NavigationBar画出。
private final ColorViewState mStatusColorViewState =
new ColorViewState(STATUS_BAR_COLOR_VIEW_ATTRIBUTES);
private final ColorViewState mNavigationColorViewState =
new ColorViewState(NAVIGATION_BAR_COLOR_VIEW_ATTRIBUTES);
private static class ColorViewState {
View view = null;
int targetVisibility = View.INVISIBLE;
boolean present = false;
boolean visible;
int color;
final ColorViewAttributes attributes;
ColorViewState(ColorViewAttributes attributes) {
this.attributes = attributes;
}
}
@Override
public void onDraw(Canvas c) {
super.onDraw(c);
mBackgroundFallback.draw(this, mContentRoot, c, mWindow.mContentParent,
mStatusColorViewState.view, mNavigationColorViewState.view);
}
mNavigationColorViewState.view mStatusColorViewState.view的创建是在DecorView的updateColorViewInt中
if (view == null) {
if (showView) {
state.view = view = new View(mContext);
setColor(view, color, dividerColor, verticalBar, seascape);
view.setTransitionName(state.attributes.transitionName);
view.setId(state.attributes.id);
visibilityChanged = true;
view.setVisibility(INVISIBLE);
state.targetVisibility = VISIBLE;
LayoutParams lp = new LayoutParams(resolvedWidth, resolvedHeight,
resolvedGravity);
if (seascape) {
lp.leftMargin = sideMargin;
} else {
lp.rightMargin = sideMargin;
}
addView(view, lp);
updateColorViewTranslations();
}
}
updateColorViewInt何时调用
1.DecorView实现了WindowCallbacks接口
2.ViewRootImpl持有DecorView的WindowCallbacks实例
3.ViewRootImpl.performTraversals开始绘制时回调onWindowDragResizeStart方法
4.DecorView中的onWindowDragResizeStart调用updateColorViews，绘制StatusBar、NavigationBar
所以StatusBar、NavigationBar是在绘制的时候添加上去的
View的装载过程
视图结构
