1，目的
在已经掌握docker安装、docker仓库的基本使用、docker镜像和容器的基本操作和相互转化的基础上，可尝试通过docker搭建一个web服务器，便于分布式部署或快速移植web服务器。
通过本文的学习，可以了解学习docker容器与宿主机的文件和端口映射，进一步熟练使用docker容器。
2，修改容器，搭建简单的web服务
安装nginx
# apt-get install nginx
修改nginx配置文件
# vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/web.conf
# server的配置
server {
# 监听端口
listen 81;
# 项目的初始化页面
location / {
root /home/visual/nginx_web/;
index index.html;
}
}
修改开机启动项
# vi /etc/rc.local
####!/bin/sh -e
#
# rc.local
#
# This script is executed at the end of each multiuser runlevel.
# Make sure that the script will "exit 0" on success or any other
# value on error.
#
# In order to enable or disable this script just change the execution
# bits.
#
# By default this script does nothing.
service ssh start
service nginx start
/bin/bash
exit 0
3，创建镜像，便于再次启动容器
通过commit操作创建docker镜像文件，上篇文章已经讲过，命令如下
kevin@apple:~/docker$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
568e5204fff3 ubuntu "/bin/sh -c 'while..." 40 hours ago Exited (137) 38 hours ago kind_khorana
00f561d97811 ubuntu "/bin/echo hello w..." 40 hours ago Exited (0) 40 hours ago nifty_mcnulty
93a1b9d39683 ubuntu "bash" 40 hours ago Exited (0) 5 seconds ago zealous_noether
abdc084f9821 hello-world "/hello" 41 hours ago Exited (0) 18 hours ago sleepy_clarke
kevin@apple:~/docker$ docker commit 93a1b9d39683 learn/nginx:v2
sha256:ab92edd21696770f1eb37e9229b6834094a8d3381e5b4e9edc620b7927004bb4
kevin@apple:~/docker$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
learn/nginx v2 ab92edd21696 5 seconds ago 370MB
learn/visual_init v1 56a4eab7dc5b 37 hours ago 321MB
registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/zhangsp/ai visual_init 56a4eab7dc5b 37 hours ago 321MB
ubuntu latest 14f60031763d 5 days ago 120MB
hello-world latest 1815c82652c0 5 weeks ago 1.84kB
4，启动新容器
使用新创建的镜像learn/nginx:v2，启动新容器
# docker run -it --name nginx_test -h docker-nginx -p 8001:81 -p 8000:80 -v /home/kevin/docker/nginx_web/:/home/visual/nginx_web/ learn/nginx:v2 /bin/sh /etc/rc.local
启动容器的参数介绍
- -it，交互方式启动
- --name nginx_test，指定新容器的名称是nginx_test
- -h docker-nginx，指定新容器的主机名是docker-nginx
- -p 8001:81 -p 8000:80，指定宿主机与docker容器的端口映射，宿主机的8001对应docker容器的81，宿主机的8000对应docker容器的80
- -v /home/kevin/docker/nginx_web/:/home/visual/nginx_web/，指定宿主机与docker容器的文件映射，宿主机的/home/kevin/docker/nginx_web/ 对应docker容器的 /home/visual/nginx_web/
- learn/nginx:v2，指定启动容器对应的镜像是learn/nginx:v2，可以是镜像ID
- /bin/sh /etc/rc.local，指定容器启动后，执行shell脚本是/etc/rc.local
查看docker容器，容器nginx_test处于up状态，说明启动正常
kevin@apple:~/docker/nginx_web$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
cbbbe7a5d47a learn/nginx:v2 "/bin/sh /etc/rc.l..." 25 minutes ago Up 24 minutes 0.0.0.0:8000->80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8001->81/tcp nginx_test
966bd52b72da ubuntu "/bin/sh -c 'while..." 42 hours ago Exited (137) 40 hours ago stupefied_knuth
00f561d97811 ubuntu "/bin/echo hello w..." 42 hours ago Exited (0) 42 hours ago nifty_mcnulty
93a1b9d39683 ubuntu "bash" 43 hours ago Exited (0) About an hour ago zealous_noether
abdc084f9821 hello-world "/hello" 43 hours ago Exited (0) 20 hours ago sleepy_clarke
5，测试docker_nginx是否正常
通过浏览器测试8001端口
通过浏览器测试8001端口-1.png
通过浏览器测试8000端口
通过浏览器测试8000端口.png
修改宿主机的文件，并测试8001端口
- 修改宿主机的/home/kevin/docker/nginx_web/index.html文件
kevin@apple:~/docker/nginx_web$ vi index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx! I am in docker!</title>
<style>
body {
width: 35em;
margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx! I am in Docker!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
- 通过浏览器测试8001端口，发现“Welcome to nginx! I am in docker!”，说明内容已经修改，使用docker做为web服务器的功能已经OK
通过浏览器测试8001端口-2.png
