为方便在Linux下使用Python访问Mysql数据库，因此需要先装一个访问Mysql的包，即MySQL-python-1.2.5。

先从https://pypi.org/project/MySQL-python/ 下载上传至服务器/tmp 目录

解压

gunzip MySQL-python-1.2.5.zip

进入包目录、编译、安装

cd /tmp/MySQL-python-1.2.5

# python setup.py build

running build

running build_py

copying MySQLdb/release.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb

running build_ext

building '_mysql' extension

gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -DNDEBUG -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -fPIC -Dversion_info=(1,2,5,'final',1) -D__version__=1.2.5 -I/usr/local/mysql/include -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c _mysql.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/_mysql.o

_mysql.c:29:20: fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory

#include "Python.h"

                    ^

compilation terminated.

error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1

这里报错了，提示缺少Python.h文件，经常是缺少python-devel依赖包

在网站http://pkgs.org 下载对应版本的安装包，上传至服务器并安装

# rpm -Uvh python-devel-2.7.5-76.el7.x86_64.rpm --nodeps

因为我这里的Python版本是2.7.5-68，所以这里使用了 -Uvh --nodeps强制更新，一般情况下版本一致用 -ivh 安装即可。

重新编译、安装通过

# python setup.py build

# python setup.py install

...（略）

Installed /usr/lib64/python2.7/site-packages/MySQL_python-1.2.5-py2.7-linux-x86_64.egg

Processing dependencies for MySQL-python==1.2.5

Finished processing dependencies for MySQL-python==1.2.5

进入Pyhton导入Mysqldb包，报错，提示缺失libmysqlclient.so.20动态库，如下

>>> import MySQLdb

/usr/lib64/python2.7/site-packages/MySQL_python-1.2.5-py2.7-linux-x86_64.egg/_mysql.py:3: UserWarning: Module _mysql was already imported from /usr/lib64/python2.7/site-packages/MySQL_python-1.2.5-py2.7-linux-x86_64.egg/_mysql.pyc, but /tmp/MySQL-python-1.2.5 is being added to sys.path

Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>

  File "MySQLdb/__init__.py", line 19, in <module>

    import _mysql

  File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/_mysql.py", line 7, in <module>

  File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/_mysql.py", line 6, in __bootstrap__

ImportError: libmysqlclient.so.20: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

错误的原因是未能引入libmysqlclient.so.20库，

通过 find / -name libmysqlclient.so.20 查找库文件存在，于是建立链接：

ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so.20 /usr/lib64/libmysqlclient.so.20

问题解决。

>>>

>>> import MySQLdb

>>>