public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private String[] titles = {"单选", "多选"};
    private List<Fragment> fragmentList = new ArrayList<>();

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        //造数据
        fragmentList.add(new OneFragment());
        fragmentList.add(new TwoFragment());
        TabLayout tabs = findViewById(R.id.tabs);
        ViewPager2 viewPager = findViewById(R.id.view_pager);
        viewPager.setAdapter(new FragmentStateAdapter(this) {
            @NonNull
            @Override
            public Fragment createFragment(int position) {
                return fragmentList.get(position);
            }

            @Override
            public int getItemCount() {
                return fragmentList.size();
            }
        });
        viewPager.setOffscreenPageLimit(2);
        TabLayoutMediator tabLayoutMediator = new TabLayoutMediator(tabs, viewPager, new TabLayoutMediator.TabConfigurationStrategy() {
            @Override
            public void onConfigureTab(@NonNull TabLayout.Tab tab, int position) {
                tab.setText(titles[position]);
            }
        });
        //这句话很重要
        tabLayoutMediator.attach();

    }
}

布局文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <com.google.android.material.appbar.AppBarLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:theme="@style/Theme.AndroidTabLayout.AppBarOverlay">

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/title"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:minHeight="?actionBarSize"
            android:padding="@dimen/appbar_padding"
            android:text="@string/app_name"
            android:textAppearance="@style/TextAppearance.Widget.AppCompat.Toolbar.Title" />

        <com.google.android.material.tabs.TabLayout
            android:id="@+id/tabs"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content" />


    </com.google.android.material.appbar.AppBarLayout>

    <androidx.viewpager2.widget.ViewPager2
        android:id="@+id/view_pager"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent" />

</LinearLayout>

效果演示：

yhx.gif