Start with cerebral cortex
Gyri/gyrus - the crest of a fold of cortex
Sulci/sulcus - the infolding of the cortex
Fissure - a deep sulcus
Central sulcus of Rolando罗朗多氏沟
另外两侧被颅骨局限而折叠的C型沟壑，叫做sylvian fissure
A gyrus and a sulcus
The cortex varies in:
Thickness, phylogenetic age, cytoarchitecture(cyto=cell, how the cells are organized)
厚度，进化先后，神经元结构
Thickness: 1mm to 4 mm
Phylogenetic: we can tell how old something is in the cortex, by looking at the number of layers which are present
最早进化的皮层是原脑皮（质）anchi- or paleocortex，比neocortex层数少。
典型的是hippocampus海马体，
后面的是白质
Brodmann’s area分区方法，把大脑分为55个区（实际有200多个），比如primary visual cortex(v1)就是17
17区有很多不同的名字，正如其他地方，也有许多重复的名字。
cortex不仅有horizontal还有
Vertical organization - columns extending through the cortical layers that form a functional module
Divide the cortex by lobes
4 lobes
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
Temporal lobe
额叶，顶叶，枕叶，颞叶。英文名的出处可能是和相对应位置的骨头有关
Frontal lobe and parietal lobe are divided by central sulcus of Rolando
接下来讲的是初级运动皮层
最为神秘的地方，前额叶！finally
所以额叶有运动中枢和认知中枢（前额叶）
开始讲顶叶
感觉信息输入大脑的地方，包括痛觉，温觉……
"so our ability to read and write is critically independent on areas which are located in the cortex of the parietal lobe"
枕叶
枕叶只负责视觉
颞叶
在左脑41区周围，是理解语言的中枢，这个区域一旦受损，那么能听到声音却无法理解意思。
颞叶剩下来的地方和视觉功能有关。比如有一块地方就是专门识别人脸的。
还有两个重要的功能，内嗅皮质和海马体(entorhinal cortex and hippocampus)
entorhinal cortex - a neocortical area involved in learning and memory
hippocampus - an old cortical area involved in learning and memory
这些部分的老化导致了奥兹海默症（老年痴呆症）的发生，无法记忆
