介绍
在Kotlin中,集合类型包含三种类型:它们分别是:List、Set、Map,这三种类型都有几个共通点:
- 它们都是接口,并不是实际的类。
- 它们都继承至Collection<out E>接口,而Collection< out E>又继承与Iterable< out T>接口。它们几乎上只实现了isEmpty()、size属性、get()、contains()等方法。
- 这三种集合类型分别又存在MutableList< E>、MutableSet< E>、MutableMap<K,V>接口,这些接口中提供了改变、操作集合的方法。例如add()、clear()、remove()等函数。
so,Kotlin集合类型可分为可变和不可变集合类型。List、Set、Map为不可变集合类型,MutableList、MutableSet、MutableMap为可变集合类型。
List
创建不可变List
使用listOf函数来构建一个不可变的List,listOf这个构建函数有下面3个重载函数。
- listOf()用于创建没有元素的空List:
/**
* Returns an empty read-only list. The returned list is serializable (JVM).
* @sample samples.collections.Collections.Lists.emptyReadOnlyList
*/
@kotlin.internal.InlineOnly
public inline fun <T> listOf(): List<T> = emptyList()
- listOf(element: T)创建只有一个元素的List:
/**
* Returns an immutable list containing only the specified object [element].
* The returned list is serializable.
* @sample samples.collections.Collections.Lists.singletonReadOnlyList
*/
public fun <T> listOf(element: T): List<T> = java.util.Collections.singletonList(element)
- listOf(vararg elements: T)创建拥有多个元素的List:
/**
* Returns a new read-only list of given elements. The returned list is serializable (JVM).
* @sample samples.collections.Collections.Lists.readOnlyList
*/
public fun <T> listOf(vararg elements: T): List<T> = if (elements.size > 0) elements.asList() else emptyList()
例:
//创建一个空List
val numbersNull = listOf<Int>()
//创建只有一个元素的List
val numbersOne = listOf<Int>(1)
//创建多个元素的List
val numbersMuch = listOf<Int>(1, 2, 4, 9, 3, 5, 6, 1, 0, -1)
println(numbersNull)
println(numbersOne)
println(numbersMuch)
结果:
[]
[1]
[1, 2, 4, 9, 3, 5, 6, 1, 0, -1]
List的方法
get:
根据索引获取元素,与[]等效:
例:
val num = listOf("alfred", 29, "男", "180cm", "70kg")
println(num.get(0))
println(num[0])
结果:
alfred
alfred
indexOf:
返回集合元素在List中的索引。
例:
val num = listOf("alfred", 29, "男", "180cm", "70kg")
println(num.indexOf(29))
结果:1
lastIndexOf:
返回集合元素在List中最后一次的出现位置。
例:
val num = listOf(1, "alfred", 29, "男", "180cm", 1, "70kg")
println(num.lastIndexOf(1))
结果:5
subList:
返回List集合的子集合。
先来看个源码:
// View
/**
* Returns a view of the portion of this list between the specified [fromIndex] (inclusive) and [toIndex] (exclusive).
* The returned list is backed by this list, so non-structural changes in the returned list are reflected in this list, and vice-versa.
*
* Structural changes in the base list make the behavior of the view undefined.
*/
public fun subList(fromIndex: Int, toIndex: Int): List<E>
注意:此处是开区间[fromIndex,toIndex)
例:
val num = listOf("alfred", 29, "男", "180cm", "70kg")
println(num.subList(1, 5))
结果:[29, 男, 180cm, 70kg]
MutableList
创建MutableList
创建MutableList的方法有两种
- mutableListOf():创建空的可变List
/**
* Returns an empty new [MutableList].
* @sample samples.collections.Collections.Lists.emptyMutableList
*/
@SinceKotlin("1.1")
@kotlin.internal.InlineOnly
public inline fun <T> mutableListOf(): MutableList<T> = ArrayList()
- mutableListOf(vararg elements: T): 创建拥有多个元素的可变List
/**
* Returns a new [MutableList] with the given elements.
* @sample samples.collections.Collections.Lists.mutableList
*/
public fun <T> mutableListOf(vararg elements: T): MutableList<T> =
if (elements.size == 0) ArrayList() else ArrayList(ArrayAsCollection(elements, isVarargs = true))
例:
//和粗昂吉安空的可变list
val numNull = mutableListOf<Int>()
//创建多个元素的可变list
val numMutable = mutableListOf("Alfred", 29, "男", "180cm", "70kg")
println(numNull)
println(numMutable)
结果:
[]
[Alfred, 29, 男, 180cm, 70kg]
MutableList常用方法:
可变的List除了支持可变的Set所支持的方法外,还增加了根据索引执行插入、删除、替换等方法,下面一一讲解:
add()
往末尾增加新的元素:
val numMutable = mutableListOf("Alfred", 29, "男", "180cm", "70kg")
numMutable.add("黄种人")
println(numMutable)
结果:
[Alfred, 29, 男, 180cm, 70kg, 黄种人]
往指定位置添加元素
源码:
/**
* Inserts an element into the list at the specified [index].
*/
public fun add(index: Int, element: E): Unit
例:
val numMutable = mutableListOf("Alfred", 29, "男", "180cm", "70kg")
numMutable.add(1,"黄种人")
println(numMutable)
结果:
[Alfred, 黄种人, 29, 男, 180cm, 70kg]
addAll
在末尾添加另外一个集合的所有元素:
源码:
/**
* Adds all of the elements of the specified collection to the end of this list.
*
* The elements are appended in the order they appear in the [elements] collection.
*
* @return `true` if the list was changed as the result of the operation.
*/
override fun addAll(elements: Collection<E>): Boolean
例:
val numMutable = mutableListOf("Alfred", 29, "男", "180cm", "70kg")
val num = listOf("1", 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, "***")
numMutable.addAll(num)
println(numMutable)
结果:
[Alfred, 29, 男, 180cm, 70kg, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, ***]
向指定位置添加整个集合的元素:
源码:
/**
* Inserts all of the elements of the specified collection [elements] into this list at the specified [index].
*
* @return `true` if the list was changed as the result of the operation.
*/
public fun addAll(index: Int, elements: Collection<E>): Boolean
根据源码分析,向指定位置添加元素,成功会返回true
例:
val numMutable = mutableListOf("Alfred", 29, "男", "180cm", "70kg")
val num = listOf("1", 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, "***")
val result = numMutable.addAll(1, num)
println("add $result\n$numMutable")
结果:
add true
[Alfred, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, ***, 29, 男, 180cm, 70kg]
移除元素
remove:移除某个元素
val numMutable = mutableListOf("Alfred", 29, "男", "180cm", "70kg")
numMutable.remove(29)
println(numMutable)
结果:[Alfred, 男, 180cm, 70kg]
removeAt 移除指定位置的元素
val numMutable = mutableListOf("Alfred", 29, "男", "180cm", "70kg")
numMutable.removeAt(0)
println(numMutable)
结果:[29, 男, 180cm, 70kg]
removeAll(elements: Collection<E>):删除集合
例子:
val numMutable = mutableListOf("Alfred", 29, "男", "180cm", "70kg", 29)
//清空自身
numMutable.removeAll(numMutable)
println(numMutable)
val numMutable1 = mutableListOf("Alfred", 29, "男", "180cm", "70kg", 29)
val numMutable2 = mutableListOf(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
numMutable1.addAll(numMutable2)
println(numMutable1)
//将集合numMutable1中的numMutable2全部清除
numMutable1.removeAll(numMutable2)
println(numMutable1)
结果:
[]
[Alfred, 29, 男, 180cm, 70kg, 29, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
[Alfred, 29, 男, 180cm, 70kg, 29]
clear:清除所有元素
与removeAll()类似
val numMutableClear = mutableListOf("Alfred", 29, "男", "180cm", "70kg", 29)
numMutableClear.clear()
println(numMutableClear)
结果[]
set
替换指定位置元素:
val numMutable = mutableListOf("Alfred", 29, "男", "180cm", "70kg")
numMutable.set(0,"你好")
println(numMutable)
结果:[你好, 29, 男, 180cm, 70kg]
也可以用下标方式改写:
val numMutable = mutableListOf("Alfred", 29, "男", "180cm", "70kg")
numMutable[0] = "你好"
println(numMutable)
结果:[你好, 29, 男, 180cm, 70kg]
drop
drop与remove不同点在于,drop系列方法不会对MutableList本身造成影响,drop会返回删除后的list,在数组已经介绍过,此处不再讲解。