1 docker基础
1.1 docker的安装
docker的安装非常简单,我们可以直接使用centos系统中的yum命令进行安装:
#先查看系统环境
cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)
yum -y install docker
docker的命令如下:
systemctl start docker # 启动docker
systemctl stop docker # 停止docker
systemctl status docker # 查看docker状态
systemctl restart docker # 重新启动docker
docker exec -it 容器id或者容器名称 bash #进入容器内部
docker images #查看当前有哪些镜像
docker ps #查看启动的容器
docker ps -a #查看所有容器
docker logs 容器的id或者容器名称 #查看容器日志
docker top 容器的id或者容器名称 #查看容器进程
docker inspect php | grep "IPAddress" #查看容器ip(php可以是容器id或容器的名称)
在启动之前我们需要修改docker的镜像源:
[root@localhost docker]# vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://ftnejmh3.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
启动docker后查看docker的版本信息:
[root@localhost ~]# docker version
Client:
Version: 1.13.1
API version: 1.26
Package version: docker-1.13.1-205.git7d71120.el7.centos.x86_64
Go version: go1.10.3
Git commit: 7d71120/1.13.1
Built: Wed Apr 28 13:37:12 2021
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Server:
Version: 1.13.1
API version: 1.26 (minimum version 1.12)
Package version: docker-1.13.1-205.git7d71120.el7.centos.x86_64
Go version: go1.10.3
Git commit: 7d71120/1.13.1
Built: Wed Apr 28 13:37:12 2021
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
2 docker搭建lnmp环境
环境软件介绍:
1. docker
2. nginx
3. mysql
4. php7.4
5. laravel8
docker搭建的lnmp目录结构:
docker
│ └── nginx
│ │ └── default.conf #nginx配置文件
│ └── www
│ └── lmrs #lmrs的laravel项目代码
2.1 docker搭建nginx
我们可以使用docker search nginx命令查找 Docker Hub 上的 nginx 镜像,这里直接拉取官方的镜像
docker pull nginx
等下再完成后,我们就可以在本地镜像列表里查到REPOSITORY为nginx的镜像。
docker images
创建nginx配置
cd /docker/nginx
vim default.conf
server {
listen 80;
listen [::]:80;
server_name localhost;
root /docker/www/lmrs/public;
index index.php index.html;
location / {
#配置入口文件
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /docker/www/lmrs/public;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
root /docker/www/lmrs/public;
fastcgi_pass 172.17.0.3:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
使用nginx镜像开启nginx应用容器
docker run -p 80:80 -d --name nginx -v /docker/nginx/default.conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf -v /docker/www:/docker/www --privileged=true nginx
或提前将nginx容器中的/etc/nginx/nginx.conf拷贝出来
docker run -p 80:80 -d --name nginx -v /docker/nginx/default.conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf -v /docker/nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf -v /docker/www:/docker/www --privileged=true nginx
-p 80:80:将容器的80端口映射到主机的80端口
-d 后台运行(守护进程)
--name nginx:将容器命名为nginx
-v 将主机中当前目录下的www挂载到容器的www目录
查看docker目前的容器
docker ps
2.2 docker安装php
和nginx一样,我们可以先通过docker search php查找镜像,这里直接拉取官方的镜像,标签为7.4-fpm,其他版本的可自行选择
docker pull php:7.4-fpm
等下载完成后,我们就可以在本地镜像列表里查看到REPOSITORY为php,标签为7.4-fpm的镜像。
使用php镜像开启php-fpm应用容器
docker run -p 9000:9000 -d --name php -v /docker/www:/docker/www --privileged=true php:7.4-fpm
-p 9000:9000 :将容器的9000端口映射到主机的9000端口
-d 后台运行(守护进程)
--name php:将容器命名为php
-v 将主机中当前目录下的www挂载到容器的www目录
查看容器启动情况
到这里,可以看到nginx和php都运行成功(STATUS为up说明正在运行)
查看ip信息
[root@localhost nginx]# docker inspect php | grep "IPAddress"
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
查看nginx配置的php-fpm服务ip是否一致:
location ~ \.php$ {
root /docker/www/lmrs/public;
fastcgi_pass 172.17.0.3:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
以上配置中fastcgi_pass 172.17.0.3:9000;需要与我们查看的php容器的ip一致。
通过docker-php-ext-install pdo_mysql可以添加相应扩展
注意修改项目权限
[root@localhost www]# chmod -R 777 lmrs
完成以上配置并且确定容器启动没有问题,可以进行测试(laravel项目自行安装):
2.3 docker搭建mysql
和nginx一样,我们可以先通过docker search mysql查找镜像,这里直接拉取官方的镜像
docker pull mysql
等待下载完成后,我们就可以在本地镜像列表里查到REPOSITORY为mysql的镜像
配置宿主机的mysql配置文件
[root@localhost docker]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
secure_file_priv=/var/lib/mysql
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
default_storage_engine = InnoDB
performance_schema_max_table_instances = 400
table_definition_cache = 400
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 32M
max_allowed_packet = 100G
table_open_cache = 128
sort_buffer_size = 768K
net_buffer_length = 4K
read_buffer_size = 768K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 256K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
thread_cache_size = 16
tmp_table_size = 32M
default_authentication_plugin = mysql_native_password
lower_case_table_names = 1
sql-mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true
max_connections = 500
max_connect_errors = 100
open_files_limit = 65535
log-bin=mysql-bin
binlog_format=mixed
server-id = 1
binlog_expire_logs_seconds = 600000
slow_query_log=1
slow-query-log-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-slow.log
long_query_time=3
early-plugin-load = ""
innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
innodb_log_file_size = 64M
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_read_io_threads = 1
innodb_write_io_threads = 1
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 500M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 32M
sort_buffer_size = 768K
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
使用mysql镜像开启mysql应用容器
docker run -p 3306:3306 -d --name mysql -v /etc/my.cnf:/etc/mysql/my.cnf --privileged=true -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root mysql
-p 3306:3306 :将容器的3306端口映射到主机的3306端口
-d 后台运行(守护进程)
--name mysql:将容器命名为mysql
-v 将主机中的mysql配置挂载到容器的/etc/mysql/my.cnf
查看容器启动情况
进入容器,连接mysql配制一个自己的用户,用于项目使用。
[root@localhost docker]# docker exec -it mysql bash
root@0ead771c95b4:/#
root@0ead771c95b4:/# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 11
Server version: 8.0.24 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
mysql> create user `dark`@`%` identified by "root";
mysql> grant all on *.* to `dark`@`%` with grant option;
在本地使用Navicat测试mysql:
如果出现1251错误,修改密码
select user,host,plugin,password_expired from user;
ALTER USER 'dark'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'pwd';
补充 redis容器
docker run -p 6379:6379 -d --name redis -v /docker/redis/redis.conf:/usr/local/etc/redis/redis.conf --privileged=true redis redis-server /usr/local/etc/redis/redis.conf