He believes that this is the most contradictory and discordant aspect within Christianity. Furthermore, he also discovered that the Enlightenment, like other Enlightenment thinkers, saw a division between reason and passion, theology and faith, theory and practice. He also saw it very clearly, and the French Revolution made him realize this division even more. It meant that all the evil and animalistic actions of humanity could be achieved under the banner of light and reason. The task of philosophy is undoubtedly to overcome them, to bring our lives and the world back together, and to restore the harmony and unity that it should have.
This is a goal, where is the unified goal?
The first one is still the same sentence, spirit. Spirit is very special in German. Many German philosophical researchers in English have repeatedly emphasized that it is not compatible with other languages and is not completely in line with them. He said it is a pity that we have no choice but to use sprite, which is very special?
Especially in German, "spirit" has a religious status, which is the first thing we need to pay attention to. It not only refers to personal things within, unlike in English where it refers to inner things. Thinking is my rationality, a kind of transcendent longing for myself, and so on. This is the aspect of my spirit.
The term 'spirit' in German is not just about inner and personal things, it often refers to the spirit of an organization or group, which gives rise to national spirit, cultural spirit, objective spirit, historical spirit, and contemporary spirit. In English, because it is imitation now, it is difficult to translate it.
This kind of spirit is often used in our language nowadays, which refers to national spirit, team spirit, unity, sympathy, and emotional aspects. In English, the word sprite is precisely meant to have a clear distinction from emotions. Spirit can also be an emotional thing, not just referring to thought and reason.
However, Hegel's concept of "spirit" is not any subjective sense of spirit, but rather the ultimate unity of our entire humanity, which is to achieve the elimination of division and the reunification of humanity and the world. It is called spirit.
So, we need to be able to read his books. To be honest, when I first read the classics, Hegel said that without anyone to guide me, I had no one to guide you. At first, it was easy to get to the point of the matter, and literally, you didn't know that he had his own special meaning. But later on, as you delve deeper into learning, you will have to read a lot of research on Hegel's works or what he means.
'Spirit' is easy to make people misunderstand, and it is a common mistake to understand it according to our habitual concept of spirit. Hegel attempted to synthesize concepts, or at least include various contradictions and inconsistencies between religion and morality, in order to reunify the importance of human and natural science.
Hegel rarely talks about God, but when we pass through the maze of the mind, the whole is the spiritual world, and the whole is God. Not our subject, but our thoughts.
However, Hegel's concept of God is not that of an external transcendent God, nor that I am God myself, but rather that humanity is God or the entire human race. More precisely, his various possibilities and history are like God.
So, Hegel talked about the transcendent in Schelling, he said it's a process, not something like that. He said that in Schelling's view, China is a pre religion because he believes in personification, manifested as the emperor of China, but he will surpass it in Schelling. It's not a personality, it's a process, it's always in the process of unfolding and completing.
Why does Xie Lin believe that China is anti historical?
He told you this because his meaning is the spiritual process, the religious process, and the religious process is the eternal unfolding and completion of the absolute self, and our human meaning is also unfolding and completing in the process, determining ourselves. You in China fix the transcendent as one and internalize it, which means that you are demoted to the human world and become an emperor. You have no history because everything you have is fixed into a strict order, which is why your civilization is stable, calm, and unchanged.
His entire set of arguments means this, but he sees the transcendent as a process, which is actually somewhat similar to Hegel's. Hegel did not believe that we humans are gods.
Our various possibilities and history are God's. People think that he can be seen as a static thing, which is really difficult to understand in German philosophy. Although Schelling is really, most people would say how to understand him, because if we understand a transcendent personification of Jehovah or something like that, we call him the Emperor. This is easy to understand, there is an external, fixed thing that he is not at all. In his opinion, this is too childish, and it is not a religion, it is a pre religion. He even understands you in this way. The whole German classical philosophy is interesting here, and it has challenges.
In fact, as people like us, due to the modern habit of social education, we have become accustomed to the intellectual way of thinking in philosophy, and German classical philosophy can most effectively liberate us from this set of things. This is my personal experience, which we can refer to with everyone.
The education we receive is the same modern education, which permeates all intellectual ways of thinking, and we believe it is only natural. So, German classical philosophy is strange, so it takes us out of it. We think he is incomprehensible and unbelievable. He said that pulling you out of your habitual thinking track is German classical philosophy, and I think the greatest contribution is the greatest dedication.
The French always believe that there can be no contemporary French philosophy without German philosophy, which is very clear. Look at Foucault and Merleau Ponty. They worship Hegel when they talk about him. Foucault even said that when we criticize Hegel, perhaps it is Hegel who sets the trap for us.
It's all over now. Think about it, to what extent did Foucault admire Hegel? These people are people who nobody cares about. They want to overthrow anyone, but they are extremely loyal to Hegel. When Foucault gave his first speech as a professor at the É cole de France, which was his inauguration speech, he said, 'First of all, I want to thank my teacher Dippolit because Foucault was going to take the entrance exam for the É cole Normale Sup é rieure in Paris, and the competition was fierce. If he didn't pass the exam in his first year, most people wouldn't be able to win the bid in one fell swoop. What should we do?'?
There was a cram school that insisted on running for another year at Henry III High School, where Dipolith was teaching 'Phenomenology of Spirit'.
That philosophy exam paper, I can guarantee that there won't be less than ten out of a hundred graduate students here who can pass it. What textbook are you memorizing? It's useless at all. Why? Moreover, after the elites from Paris Normal University in France come out, their first position will definitely be as high school teachers. After graduation, they will participate in the national teacher examination and be assigned to various places to teach as high school teachers.
Later on, Foucault said, 'I am grateful to Dippolit. Without him, I would not be where I am today, because Dippolit brought him to Hegel and truly understood what philosophy is all about. Don't think that his French modern philosophy is extremely extreme. In fact, they have a very deep connection with Hegel in Germany.'. And two people, one is Hegel and the other is Nietzsche. Without these two people, contemporary French philosophy would be unimaginable, don't worry about how he does it now.
So, Hegel is talking about the same thing, not a personality, but our overall view and understanding of the world, the universe, and all things, which is also the overall basis for human existence. However, when I say this, I am also concerned that people may misunderstand that the overall view, overall understanding, and overall understanding are always based on, and this is not in a static, result oriented sense. Such a general view, overall understanding, and overall understanding should be seen as an eternal development and process, rather than a final pile of achievements.
If understood in that way, there would be no need for Hegel to explain it himself. Someone did so in the 18th and 17th centuries, and it was a process. To put it simply, "Phenomenology of Spirit" aims to provide a phenomenological explanation of this development from beginning to end.
The most important thing is in this place, where he dares to deal with the most important issues. Phenomenology of Spirit adds a new dimension to philosophy. What dimension?
The dimension of history. No one had ever mentioned philosophy and historical treatment like this before.
Dealing with philosophy from a historical perspective, it has never been wrong to view philosophy itself as a process of historical development. This is particularly powerful as it opens up new dimensions of philosophy. The Phenomenology of Spirit itself is not a historical explanation, nor is it a historical explanation of what that era was like. It is a fundamental idea about history, and he believes that ideas and movements can only be understood in their development. This is a very great idea.
I often wonder why Chinese philosophy is so dull and boring now. He explains the concepts in his lectures and the movement of the universe using static concepts. What is meant by 'meaning' is the order of the world, or what is meant by 'dao' is the objective law. The whole Chinese philosophy really tastes the same, and it's like some lectures that are far inferior to Western philosophy. It's some Chinese teachers who don't even want to be a graduate student. I remember all these things for a year. In fact, Chinese philosophy is meant to lecture in the process of change and development. Eternal life is not a definition, but a process. When you talk about Chinese philosophy in this way, you will feel that philosophy is truly remarkable. So, Chinese philosophy is now being made into a mess, and some people are proud of it. Look, I'll list a few for you, what the hell is this.
